Bones of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Extremity

NAME ___________________________________ LAB TIME/DATE _______________________ The Appendicular Skeleton Bones of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Extremity 1. Match the bone names or markings in column B with the descriptions in column A. Column A Column B g; deltoid tuberosity 1. raised area on lateral surface of humerus to which deltoid muscle a. acromion b. capitulum c. carpals d. clavicle e. coracoid process f. coronoid fossa attaches i; humerus 2. arm bone d; clavicle , p; scapula 3. bones of the shoulder girdle o; radius , t; ulna 4. forearm bones a; acromion 5. scapular region to which the clavicle connects p; scapula 6. shoulder girdle bone that is unattached to the axial skeleton g. deltoid tuberosity d; clavicle 7. shoulder girdle bone that transmits forces from the upper limb to the bony thorax h. glenoid cavity h; glenoid cavity 8. depression in the scapula that articulates with the humerus i. humerus e; coracoid process 9. process above the glenoid cavity that permits muscle attachment j. metacarpals d; clavicle 10. the “collarbone” k. olecranon fossa s; trochlea 11. distal condyle of the humerus that articulates with the ulna l. olecranon process t; ulna 12. medial bone of forearm in anatomical position m. phalanges b; capitulum 13. rounded knob on the humerus; adjoins the radius n. radial tuberosity o. radius p. scapula q. sternum r. styloid process s. trochlea t. ulna f; coronoid fossa 14. anterior depression, superior to the trochlea, which receives part of the ulna when the forearm is flexed t; ulna 15. forearm bone involved in formation of the elbow joint c; carpus 16. wrist bones m; phalanges 17. finger bones j; metacarpus p; scapula 18. heads of these bones form the knuckles , q; sternum 19. bones that articulate with the clavicle Review Sheet 11 163 2. Why is the clavicle at risk to fracture when a person falls on his or her shoulder? It is a slender, lightweight bone that withstands trauma poorly. 3. Why is it generally no problem for the arm to clear the widest dimension of the thoracic cage? The clavicle acts as a strut to hold the glenoid cavity of the scapula (therefore the arm) laterally away from the narrowest dimension of the rib cage. 4. What is the total number of phalanges in the hand? 14 5. What is the total number of carpals in the wrist? 8 Name the carpals (medial to lateral) in the proximal row. pisiform, triangular, lunate, scaphoid In the distal row, they are (medial to lateral) hamate, capitate, trapezoid, trapezium 6. Using items from the list at the right, identify the anatomical landmarks and regions of the scapula. a. a b acromion b. coracoid process c. glenoid cavity d. inferior angle e. infraspinous fossa f. lateral border g. medial border k j c i l h f e g d 164 Review Sheet 11 h. spine i. superior angle j. superior border k. suprascapular notch l. supraspinous fossa 7. Match the terms in the key with the appropriate leader lines on the drawings of the humerus and the radius and ulna. Also decide whether these bones are right or left bones. Key: k e d b t l a. anatomical neck b. coronoid process c. distal radioulnar joint d. greater tubercle e. head of humerus f a n o r m f. head of radius g. head of ulna h. lateral epicondyle i. medial epicondyle j. olecranon fossa k. olecranon process l. proximal radioulnar joint m. radial groove n. radial notch o. radial tuberosity p. styloid process of radius c i h g j s q p The humerus is a right (posterior view) q. styloid process of ulna r. surgical neck s. trochlea t. trochlear notch bone; the radius and ulna are right (anterior view) bones. Bones of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limb 8. Compare the pectoral and pelvic girdles by choosing appropriate descriptive terms from the key. Key: a. flexibility most important b. massive c. lightweight Pectoral: a , c ,d d. insecure axial and limb attachments e. secure axial and limb attachments f. weight-bearing most important Pelvic: b , e , f 9. What organs are protected, at least in part, by the pelvic girdle? Uterus (female), bladder, small intestine, rectum 10. Distinguish between the true pelvis and the false pelvis. The true pelvis is the region inferior to the pelvic brim, which is encircled by bone. The false pelvis is the area medial to the flaring iliac bones and lies superior to the pelvic brim. Review Sheet 11 165 11. Use letters from the key to identify the bone markings on this illustration of an articulated pelvis. Make an educated guess as to whether the illustration shows a male or female pelvis and provide two reasons for your decision. Key: a. acetabulum b d j b. ala e c. anterior superior iliac spine d. iliac crest e. iliac fossa f. ischial spine c g g. pelvic brim h. pubic crest a k f i. pubic symphysis j. sacroiliac joint h k. sacrum i This is a male (female/male) pelvis because: Acetabula are close together; pubic angle/arch is less than 90°; narrow sacrum, heart-shaped pelvic inlet. 12. Deduce why the pelvic bones of a four-legged animal such as the cat or pig are much less massive than those of the human. The pelvic girdle does not have to carry the entire weight of the trunk in the quadruped animal. 13. A person instinctively curls over his abdominal area in times of danger. Why? Abdominal area organs receive the least protection from the skeletal system. 14. For what anatomical reason do many women appear to be slightly knock-kneed? The pelvis is broader and the acetabula and ilia are more laterally positioned. Thus, the femur runs downward to the knee more obliquely than in the male. 15. What does fallen arches mean? A weakening of the tendons and ligaments supporting the arches of the foot. 166 Review Sheet 11 16. Match the bone names and markings in column B with the descriptions in column A. Column A i; ilium t; pubis k; ischium , k; ischium Column B , and a. acetabulum 1. fuse to form the coxal bone b. calcaneus 2. inferoposterior “bone” of the coxal bone c. femur d. fibula e. gluteal tuberosity f. greater sciatic notch s; pubic symphysis 3. point where the coxal bones join anteriorly h; iliac crest 4. superiormost margin of the coxal bone a; acetabulum 5. deep socket in the coxal bone that receives the head of the thigh bone g. greater and lesser trochanters u; sacroiliac joint 6. joint between axial skeleton and pelvic girdle h. iliac crest c; femur 7. longest, strongest bone in body i. ilium d; fibula 8. thin lateral leg bone j. ischial tuberosity k. ischium l. lateral malleolus x; tibia c; femur 9. heavy medial leg bone , x; tibia 10. bones forming knee joint m. lesser sciatic notch y; tibial tuberosity 11. point where the patellar ligament attaches r; patella 12. kneecap x; tibia 13. shin bone n. linea aspera o. medial malleolus p. metatarsals q. obturator foramen l; lateral malleolus 15. lateral ankle projection r. patella b; calcaneus 16. largest tarsal bone s. pubic symphysis w; tarsals 17. ankle bones t. pubis p; metatarsals 18. bones forming the instep of the foot u. sacroiliac joint q; obturator foramen e; gluteal tuberosity 19. opening in hip bone formed by the pubic and ischial rami v. talus v; talus 21. tarsal bone that “sits” on the calcaneus x; tibia 22. weight-bearing bone of the leg v; talus 23. tarsal bone that articulates with the tibia o; medial malleolus14. medial ankle projection and g; greater and 20. sites of muscle attachment on the proximal femur lesser trochanters w. tarsals x. tibia y. tibial tuberosity Review Sheet 11 167 17. Match the terms in the key with the appropriate leader lines on the drawings of the femur and the tibia and fibula. Also decide if these bones are right or left bones. Key: g b a. distal tibiofibular joint b. fovea capitis d i e m f p h s l c q r c. gluteal tuberosity d. greater trochanter e. head of femur f. head of fibula g. intercondylar eminence h. intertrochanteric crest i. lateral condyle j. lateral epicondyle k. lateral malleolus l. lesser trochanter m. medial condyle j n a m i The femur (the diagram on the left The tibia and fibula (the diagram on the right n. medial epicondyle o. medial malleolus p. neck of femur q. proximal tibiofibular joint r. tibial anterior crest s. tibial tuberosity o k side) is the right side) are right leg member of the two femurs. bones. Summary of Skeleton 18. Identify all indicated bones (or groups of bones) in the diagram of the articulated skeleton on the following page. 168 Review Sheet 11 parietal temporal frontal occipital maxilla sternum (manubrium) mandible sternum (body) sternum (xiphiod process) rib radius clavicle scapula humerus vertebra ulna ilium head of femur sacrum carpals metacarpals coccyx phalanges pubic bone femur ischium patella tibia fibula tarsals talus calcaneus metatarsals phalanges Review Sheet 11 169