Carbon Compounds Section 3-2

Class Name: Date July 07, 2022 SECTIO N 3- 2 REVIEW M OLECULES OF LIFE VOCABULARY REVIEW Distinguish between the terms in each of the following pairs of terms. 1. monosaccharide, polysaccharide - M o n o s a c c h a r i d e s s u p p l y c e l l u l a r e n e r g y i n t h e sh ort te rm. An ima l ex osk el et on s and ce ll wal ls a re gi ven a h ar d st ruc tu re a nd lon g -t erm en erg y s to ra g e by Po lys ac cha rid es . 2. amino acid, protein - Pe pt ides, whi ch a re sm al le r s ubu ni ts co nsis ting of ca rbo n, h ydro gen, oxy gen, a nd othe r chem ical s, con stit ute wha t a re k nown a s A mino Ac id s. Pol ype pt ides, ano ther n ame fo r Pro tein s, a re col le cti ons o f co nne cted amin o ac id c ha ins. cha ins with po te ntial ly te ns o f th ousa nds of a mi no acid s. 3. nucleotide, nucleic acid - Whi le nu cl ei c ac ids th em se lv es a re t he bu il ding blo ck s o f l ife, nu cle oti de s a re one of th eir prim ary c onst itue nts. Whil e n ucle ic ac ids are cons truc te d of pol yme r mac ro mole cule s, wh ich are na tu rally oc curri ng n ucle otide s, nucl eot id es a re co mp ose d of nu cl eob ase , ca rb on s uga r, a nd ph osph ate. MULTIPLE CHOICE Write the correct letter in the blank. C 1. Glycogen, starch, and cellulose are a. monosaccharides. b. disaccharides. c. polysaccharides. d. simple sugars. A 2. The different shapes and functions of different proteins are determined by a. the R groups of the amino acids they contain. b. the amino groups of the amino acids they contain. c. the carboxyl groups of the amino acids they contain. d. whether or not they contain any amino acids. D 3. Most enzymes a. are changed by the reactions they catalyze. b. increase the activation energy of the reactions they catalyze. c. strengthen the chemical bonds in their substrate. d. are sensitive to changes in temperature or pH. B 4. The large numbers of carbon-hydrogen bonds in lipids a. make lipids polar. b. store more energy than the carbonoxygen bonds in other organic compounds. c. allow lipids to dissolve in water. d. are found in the carboxyl group at the end of the lipid. Modern Biology Study Guide 17 Name Class Date SHORT ANSWER Answer the questions in the space provided. D 5. The most important function of nucleic acids is a. catalyzing chemical reactions. b. forming a barrier between the inside and outside of a cell. 18 Section 3-2 Review c. storing energy. d. storing information related to heredity and protein synthesis. Class Name: Date July 07, 2022 SECTIO N 3- 2 REVIEW 1. What are the storage and quick-energy forms of carbohydrates found in animals, and how are these forms structurally related to each other? Glycogen is used for storage, and glucose is used for instant energy. Numerous glucose molecules are connected in a highly branched chain to form glycogen. 2. How many different kinds of monomers are there in starch? 1 How many different kinds of monomers are there in proteins? 20 3. What compound composes most of the cell membrane? Phospholipid How is this compound suited to the function of the membrane? The phospholipids' hydrophobic tails act as a barrier between the interior and exterior of the cell. 4. Steroids are made up of what type of molecule? Steroids are lipids. Give two examples of steroids. Testosterone and Cholesterol. 5. Critical Thinking Insects that live on land have a coating of wax on the outer surface of their body. What function might the wax serve for these animals? With its ability to act as a waterproof covering, wax helps to keep insects from drying out and limits water loss. STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS Label each part of the figure in the spaces provided. The diagram below shows the interaction of an enzyme and its substrate during a chemical reaction. a. Substrate Modern Biology Study Guide 19 Name Class Date SHORT ANSWER Answer the questions in the space provided. c. Products 20 Section 3-2 Review