Biology Exam 3

Exam 3 Name:_____________________________ Instructions: Read and answer each question carefully. This exam is worth a total of 100 points. There is an extra credit section at the end of the exam. Make sure you check both sides of each page to answer all of the questions. Multiple Choice (2pts each) 1) In the presence of oxygen, glucose catabolism undergoes which process? a) Fermentation b) Cellular respiration c) Photosynthesis d) Evolution 2) In the absence of oxygen, glucose catabolism undergoes which process? a) Fermentation b) Cellular Respiration c) Photosynthesis d) Evolution 3) In addition to yielding free energy, the end products of glucose catabolism are: a) O2 and CO2 b) CO2 and H2O c) C6H12O6 and H2O d) H2O2 and CO2 4) During glycolysis, fermentation, cellular respiration, and photosynthesis, free energy is converted into chemical form as: a) H2O b) ATP c) CO2 d) O2 5) Between cellular respiration and fermentation, which of these pathways leads to production of the least ATP molecules? a) Cellular respiration b) Fermentation 6) The two possible end products of fermentation are: a) O2 and methanol b) Ethanol and Lactic Acid c) Fructose and O2 d) C6H12O6 and H2 7) Two electron carriers involved in accepting and donating 2 electrons and 1 proton during oxidation-reduction reactions are: a) NADH and FADH2 b) O2 and H2 c) Glucose and fructose d) CO2 and O2 1 Exam 3 Name:_____________________________ 8) Cellular respiration involves: a) Pyruvate oxidation b) The citric acid cycle c) The Electron transport chain d) All of the above 9) The Citric Acid Cycle occurs in which part of the eukaryotic cell? a) Cytoplasm b) Nucleus c) Mitochondria d) Lysosome 10) During electron transport, the process of ATP synthesis that results from passive diffusion of H+ protons from the inner mitochondrial membrane through the ATP synthase complex and into the mitochondrial matrix is known as: a) Chemiosmosis b) Gluconeogenesis c) The citric acid cycle d) Glycolysis 11) In glycolysis and cellular respiration, glucose is the primary electron donor where as____________ is the final electron acceptor. a) O2 b) CO2 c) ATP d) GTP 12) In an oxidation-reduction reaction, reduction involves the __________ of one or more electrons/hydrogens and oxidation involves the _________ of one or more electrons/hydrogens. a) Gain; loss b) Loss; gain c) Loss; loss d) Gain; gain 13) 14. Which of the citric acid cycle products directly leads to generation of ATP? a) CO2 b) NADH c) Citrate d) Alpha-ketoglutarate 14) Pyruvate oxidation occurs in the a) Mitochondria b) Cytoplasm c) Chloroplast d) nucleus 2 Exam 3 Name:_____________________________ 15) When hydrogen ions are pumped from the mitochondrial matrix across the inner membrane into the intermembranous space, the result is the a) formation of ATP. b) reduction of NAD+. c) creation of a proton gradient. d) restoration of the Na+–K+ balance across the membrane. e) reduction of glucose to lactic acid. 16) The citric acid cycle begins with the addition of _______to oxaloacetate. a) glucose. b) pyruvate. c) acetyl CoA. d) NADH + H+. e) ATP synthase. 17) Which of the following is produced during the citric acid cycle? a) FAD b) Pyruvate c) Reduced electron carriers d) Lactic acid 18) Electron transport within the electron transport chain is coupled to proton transport from the mitochondrial matrix to the space between the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes. a) True b) False 19) Water is a by-product of cellular respiration. The water is produced as a result of the a) combining of carbon dioxide with protons. b) conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA. c) degradation of glucose to pyruvate. d) reduction of oxygen at the end of the electron transport chain. e) None of the above 20) The electron transport chain contains four large protein complexes (I, II, III, and IV), cytochrome c, and ubiquinone. One of the functions of these molecules is to a) transport electrons. b) regulate the passage of water through the chain. c) oxidize pyruvate d) oxidize glucose 21) The chemiosmotic generation of ATP is driven by a) osmotic movement of water into an area of high solute concentration. b) the addition of protons to ADP and phosphate via enzymes. c) the proton-motive force. d) isocitrate dehydrogenase. 3 Exam 3 Name:_____________________________ 22) The first phase of photosynthesis, a series of reactions that requires the absorption of photons to form ATP and NADPH, is referred to as the _______ phase. a) Reduction b) dark reactions c) carbon fixation d) light reactions (or photophosphorylation) e) None of the above 23) The Calvin cycle uses _______ to produce glucose. a) CO2 b) ATP c) NADPH d) Rubisco e) All of the above 24) Plants are green because a) chlorophylls absorb blue and orange-red wavelengths of light and reflect green light. b) chloroplasts transmit and absorb green light. c) energized chlorophyll a emits green light. d) plants do not possess green pigment. e) chlorophylls absorb green light. 25) The primary reactants in photosynthesis are: a) CO2 and H2O b) O2 and CO2 c) C6H12O6 and O2 d) ATP and O2 26) What are the end products of photosynthesis? a) CO2 and H2O b) O2 and CO2 c) C6H12O6 and O2 d) ATP and O2 27) What are the products of the light reactions in photosynthesis? a) FADH2 and H2O b) ATP and NADPH c) O2 and C6H12O6 d) H2O and O2 28) The electron carrier used in the reactions of photosynthesis is: a) FADH2 b) NADH c) NADPH d) H2O 4 Exam 3 Name:_____________________________ 29) The set of reactions in photosynthesis responsible for the conversion of light energy into chemical energy are the: a) Light reactions b) Light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle) c) Glycolysis d) Pyruvate oxidation 30) The set of reactions in photosynthesis that results in glucose production from fixation of CO2 is: a) Light reactions b) Light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle) c) Glycolysis d) Pyruvate oxidation 31) The color that we see of objects is a result of the light rays of specific wavelength that: a) Are absorbed within the object b) Are not absorbed within the object c) Both A and B d) None of the above 32) Chlorophyll, carotenoids, and phycobilins are all types of: a) Electron carriers b) Pigments c) Carbohydrates d) Products of photosynthesis 33) Self-feeding organisms that are photosynthetic are called: a) Heterotrophs b) Pigments c) Autotrophs d) Selectors 34) The reaction in photosynthesis that entails fixation of carbon dioxide, reduction and sugar production, and regeneration of RuBP is known as: a) Fermentation b) Cellular respiration c) The Calvin cycle d) Glycolysis 35) In photosynthesis, the light-independent reactions take place in the: a) Thylakoid membrane b) Stroma c) Mitochondrial matrix d) Cytoplasm 5 Exam 3 Name:_____________________________ 36) In photosynthesis, the light reactions take place in the: a) Thylakoid membrane b) Stroma c) Mitochondrial matrix d) Cytoplasm 37) The process of cell division in prokaryotes is called: a) Mitosis b) Meiosis c) Fermentation d) Binary Fission 38) Which of the following cellular processes occurs during the S phase? a) Segregation of sister chromatids b) Cell growth c) DNA replication d) Cytokinesis 39) DNA is _______________ during interphase, but ________________ during prophase, metaphase, and anaphase. a) Compact; not compact b) Not compact; compact c) None of the above 40) During Mitosis, aligning of the chromatids along the midline of the cell entails the events of: a) Prophase b) Prometaphase c) Metaphase d) Anaphase e) Telophase 41) Re-forming the nuclear envelope, decompaction of chromosomes, and spindle disappearance occur in which mitotic phase? a) Prophase b) Prometaphase c) Metaphase d) Anaphase e) Telophase 42) Furrowing or pinching of the cytoplasm until two separate daughter cells are formed occurs during: a) Prophase b) Prometaphase c) Metaphase d) Anaphase e) Cytokinesis 6 Exam 3 Name:_____________________________ 43) Somatic cells are diploid; in humans this refers to: a) Two sets of chromosomes or 46 total chromosomes b) One set of chromosomes or 23 total chromosomes c) Four sets of chromosomes or 92 total chromosomes d) No chromosomes 44) Gametes are haploid; in humans this refers to: a) Two sets of chromosomes or 46 total chromosomes b) One set of chromosomes or 23 total chromosomes c) Four sets of chromosomes or 92 total chromosomes d) No chromosomes 45) Reproduction involving the joining of two gametes arising from meiosis is called: a) Asexual reproduction b) Sexual reproduction 7