Activity The Calvin Cycle

Chapter 7-02 Due: 11:59pm on Tuesday, November 30, 2021 You will receive no credit for items you complete after the assignment is due. Grading Policy Activity: The Calvin Cycle Click here to complete this activity. Then answer the questions. Part A Carbon fixation involves the addition of carbon dioxide to _____. ANSWER: RuBP G3P NADPH Rubisco 3-PGA Correct In the Calvin cycle, carbon dioxide is added to RuBP. Part B After 3-PGA is phosphorylated, it receives energized electrons from _____. ANSWER: ADP ATP CO2 NADP+ NADPH Correct NADPH supplies the electrons that reduce the phosphorylated 3-PGA. Part C How many carbon dioxide molecules must be added to RuBP to make a single molecule of glucose? ANSWER: 2 8 4 6 10 Correct Six carbon dioxide molecules are required to produce two G3P molecules, which can be combined to make one glucose molecule. Part D In the Calvin cycle, how many ATP molecules are required to regenerate RuBP from five G3P molecules? ANSWER: 4 5 3 1 2 Correct Correct. Learning through Art: The Calvin Cycle Can you label these components of the Calvin cycle? Part A First drag the blue labels to blue targets to identify the steps of the Calvin cycle. Then drag the white labels to white targets to identify the molecules involved in the cycle. Some labels are used more than once. ANSWER: Reset Help CO2 rubisco RuBP rubisco ATP carbon fixation ATP regeneration of RuBP reduction NADPH ATP release of one G3P NADPH G3P G3P G3P CO2 RuBP G3P Correct Identifying Major Themes – Chapter 7 Part A Can you identify the major theme illustrated by each of the following examples? If necessary, you may review the themes in Chapter 1 of your book. Match the themes on the left with the examples on the right. Not all themes will be used. ANSWER: Reset Help The carbon dioxide that enters a leaf is the source of carbon for much of the body of the plant, including the sugars and starches that we eat. So the bulk of the body of a plant derives from the air, not the soil. Pathways that transform energy and matter Information flow To improve biofuel production, algae are exposed to mutation-promoting chemicals. This produces a highly varied collection of algae that can be screened for the ability to produce the most useful biofuel in the largest quantity. The tiny fraction of total algae that can best perform this task is grown and subjected to another round of mutation and selection. After many repetitions, the algae may slowly improve their ability to efficiently produce biofuels. Evolution Deforestation, which removes a lot of photosynthetic plant life, thereby reduces the ability of the biosphere to absorb carbon. Planting new forests can have the opposite effect of fixing carbon from the atmosphere, potentially reducing the effect of the gases that contribute to global climate change. Interactions within biological systems Chloroplasts contain several different pigments of different molecular shapes that absorb light of different wavelengths. Relationship of structure to function Correct Identifying key words can help you to recognize themes. Topic Overview Video: Energy Flow Watch this video and then answer the questions. Part A Can you match the terms to their definitions? Drag the terms on the left to the appropriate blanks on the right to complete the sentences. ANSWER: Reset Help An organism that can use energy from the sun to directly produce food is called a(n) autotroph . ADP An organism that must consume other organisms to obtain nourishment is called a(n) heterotroph . During photosynthesis , the energy from the sun is used to make sugar molecules. During cellular respiration , the energy in sugar molecules is used to make molecules of ATP. ATP is the high-energy molecule used to power cellular work. Correct Part B Which of the following organisms perform cellular respiration? Select all that apply. ANSWER: a honeybee a shark a mushroom a palm tree a sunflower Correct Virtually all living organisms on Earth perform cellular respiration, including plants. Part C Autotrophs use photosynthesis to convert the energy of sunlight into the chemical energy of sugar. Which of the following is the correct equation for photosynthesis? ANSWER: CO2 + H2O + sunlight sugar + O2 O2 + ATP CO2 + H2O + sunlight CO2 + H2O + sunlight O2 + H2O + sunlight O2 + sugar CO2 + sugar Correct The process of photosynthesis uses the energy from sunlight to convert CO2 and H2O to O2 and sugars. Part D Virtually all organisms on Earth use cellular respiration to produce ATP from sugar. ATP is then used to power cellular work. Which of the following is the correct equation for cellular respiration? ANSWER: sugar + CO2 O2 + H2O + ATP sugar + O2 + sunlight ATP + H2O + CO2 sugar + O2 CO2 + H2O + ATP O2 + sugar CO2 + H2O + ATP Correct The process of cellular respiration uses the energy from sugars and O2 to produce CO2, H2O, and ATP, which is used to power cellular work. Figure Walkthrough: Energy Flow and Chemical Cycling in Ecosystems Watch this video and then answer the questions. Part A Drag the labels to their appropriate locations on the figure. Labels of Group 2 represent processes, and labels of Group 1 represent inputs, outputs, and organelles. ANSWER: Reset Help Energy enters as sunlight Chloroplast Photosynthesis Glucose (C6H12O6) Carbon dioxide (CO2) Cellular respiration Mitochondrion Energy exits as heat Correct Part B In which organisms do cellular respiration and photosynthesis occur? ANSWER: Only producers perform photosynthesis, and only consumers perform cellular respiration. Photosynthesis occurs in both producers and consumers. Cellular respiration occurs in both producers and consumers. Only consumers perform photosynthesis, and only producers perform cellular respiration. Correct Only producers can photosynthesize, but all organisms must perform cellular respiration, which fuels cellular work through the breakdown of glucose. Part C Plants require specific inputs to carry out photosynthesis and cellular respiration. Which of the following statements accurately reflect(s) what plants must take in? Select all that apply. ANSWER: Carbon dioxide enters plants from the soil. Plants take in oxygen as an input for photosynthesis. Plants take in carbon dioxide from the air. Plants take in both carbon dioxide and oxygen. Correct Plants need carbon dioxide to perform photosynthesis and oxygen to perform cellular respiration. Both carbon dioxide and oxygen enter and leave the plant through the leaves. BioFlix Activity: Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis -- Energy Flow Can you identify how energy flows through an ecosystem? To review energy flow in cellular respiration and photosynthesis, watch these BioFlix animations: Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis. Part A - Energy flow through an ecosystem Drag the labels onto the diagram to identify how energy flows through an ecosystem. ANSWER: Reset Help Correct BioFlix Activity: Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis -- Chemical Cycling Can you identify how chemicals cycle in an ecosystem? To review the chemical inputs and outputs of cellular respiration and photosynthesis, watch these BioFlix animations: Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis. Part A - Chemical cycling in an ecosystem Drag the labels onto the diagram to identify how chemicals cycle in an ecosystem. ANSWER: Reset Correct Activity: Overview of Cellular Respiration Click here to complete this activity. Then answer the questions. Part A Help What process occurs in Box A? ANSWER: electron transport the citric acid cycle glycolysis oxidative phosphorylation electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation Correct Glycolysis occurs in the cytosol. Part B What process occurs within Box B? ANSWER: oxidative phosphorylation electron transport glycolysis the citric acid cycle photophosphorylation Correct The citric acid cycle transfers electrons to NADH and FADH2. Part C What molecule is indicated by the letter D? ANSWER: ATP oxygen glucose pyruvate water Correct Oxygen is the final electron acceptor of cellular respiration. Activity: Glycolysis Click here to complete this activity. Then answer the questions. Part A How many NADH are produced by glycolysis? ANSWER: 3 4 5 1 2 Correct Two NADH molecules are produced by glycolysis. Part B In glycolysis, ATP molecules are produced by _____. ANSWER: photosynthesis photophosphorylation oxidative phosphorylation cellular respiration substrate-level phosphorylation Correct A phosphate group is transferred from glyceraldehyde phosphate to ADP. Part C Which of these is NOT a product of glycolysis? ANSWER: pyruvate water NADH + H+ FADH2 ATP Correct FADH2 is a product of the citric acid cycle. Part D In glycolysis, what starts the process of glucose breakdown? ANSWER: ADP NADPH Pyruvate FADH2 ATP Correct Some ATP energy is used to start the process of glucose oxidation. Part E In glycolysis there is a net gain of _____ ATP. ANSWER: 4 2 3 1 5 Correct It takes 2 ATP to produce 4 ATP. Activity: The Citric Acid Cycle Click here to complete this activity. Then answer the questions. Part A Which of these enters the citric acid cycle (also called the Krebs cycle)? ANSWER: G3P pyruvate NADH + H+ glucose acetyl CoA Correct Acetyl CoA is a reactant in the citric acid cycle (also called the Krebs cycle). Part B In the citric acid cycle (also called the Krebs cycle), ATP molecules are produced by _____. ANSWER: oxidative phosphorylation substrate-level phosphorylation cellular respiration photophosphorylation photosynthesis Correct A phosphate group is transferred from GTP to ADP. Part C Which of these is NOT a product of the citric acid cycle (also called the Krebs cycle)? ANSWER: FADH2 acetyl CoA CO2 ATP NADH + H+ Correct Acetyl CoA enters the citric acid cycle. Activity: Electron Transport Click here to complete this activity. Then answer the questions. Part A For each glucose that enters glycolysis, _____ NADH enter the electron transport chain. ANSWER: 2 4 10 6 0 Correct For each glucose molecule that enters glycolosis, a total of 10 NADH are produced -- 2 are produced in glycolysis, 2 are produced in acetyl CoA production, and 6 are produced in the citric acid cycle. Part B In cellular respiration, most ATP molecules are produced by _____. ANSWER: photophosphorylation substrate-level phosphorylation oxidative phosphorylation photosynthesis cellular respiration Correct This process utilizes energy released by electron transport. Part C The final electron acceptor of cellular respiration is _____. ANSWER: FADH2 CO2 NADH water oxygen Correct Oxygen is combined with electrons and hydrogen to form water. Part D During electron transport, energy from _____ is used to pump hydrogen ions into the _____. ANSWER: NADH ... intermembrane space NADH ... mitochondrial matrix acetyl CoA ... intermembrane space NADH and FADH2 ... intermembrane space NADH and FADH2 ... mitochondrial matrix Correct The energy released as electrons, which have been donated by NADH and FADH2, is passed along the electron transport chain and used to pump hydrogen ions into the intermembrane space. Part E Structure A is _____. ANSWER: phospholipid an electron donor sensory protein an electron acceptor ATP synthase Correct ATP synthase attaches phosphate groups to ADP molecules to generate ATP. Part F The proximate (immediate) source of energy for oxidative phosphorylation is _____. ANSWER: kinetic energy that is released as hydrogen ions diffuse down their concentration gradient ATP ATP synthase NADH and FADH2 substrate-level phosphorylation Correct Concentration gradients are a form of potential energy. Score Summary: Your score on this assignment is 96.3%. You received 8.67 out of a possible total of 9 points.