VOCABULARY-DEFINE 1. Peers - children who share the same age of maturity level. 2. Bullying - verbal or physical behavior intended to disturb someone less powerful. 3. Play - pleasurable activity that is engaged in for it’s own sake. 4. Sensorimotor play - behavior that allows infants to derive pleasure from exercising their existing sensorimotor schemes. 5. Practice play - involves repetition of behavior when new skills are being learned or when physical or mental mastery and coordination of skills are required for games or sports. 6. Pretence symbolic play - occurs when a child transforms the physical environment into a symbol. 7. Social play - involves interaction with peers. 8. Constructive play - combines sensorimotor/practice play with symbolic representation of ideas. Occurs when children engage in self-regulation creation or construction of a product or solution. 9. Games - activities engaged in for pleasure that includes rules and often competition with one or more individuals. 10. Parallel play - children play adjacent to each other, but do not try to influence one another's behavior. 11. Rough and tumble play - physically vigorous behaviors. 12. Friendship - the emotions or conduct of friends - the state of being friends. 13. Relational aggression - harm is caused by damaging someone's relationships or social status. 14. Clique - small group that range from 2 to about 12 individuals and average about 5-6 individuals - formed because friendships engaged in similar activities, members are usually of the same sex and around the same age. 15. Crowd - larger group structure than a clique - many crowds are defined by the activities in which the individuals engage. FACTS TO MEMORIZE 1. One benefit and one negative aspect with peers : a. Benefit : children who are associated with peers at age nine they have a higher level of self-esteem at age ten. b. Negative : peer culture is a corrupt influence that undermines parental values and control. 2. Four facts about bullying : a. Children who are bullied are more likely to experience depression. b. Boys are more likely to be bullies than girls. c. 11-year olds who are bullied are more likely to have a heightened risk of developing borderline personality disorder symptoms. d. Bullies often display anger and hospitality and in many cases are morally disengaged. 3. Three (out of six) functions of friendship : a. Companionship b. Stimulation c. Physical support ISSUES OF IMPORTANCE 1. How does adolescence change friendship and peer relations and what new aspects become incorporated - adolescence is when you first start finding yourself so it can change friendships because you realize you aren't into the same things each other. People start noticing the opposite sex and become more focused on them than their old friends. When I graduated from elementary school I went to a different high school than all my friends and we drifted apart because we made new friends and had more in common with them.