Cognitive Development and Language True False

True/False Questions 53) Developmental changes are genetically determined rather than environmentally determined. Answer: FALSE Explanation: Current views of development emphasize complex coactions (joint actions) of nature (genes) and nurture (environment). 54) The part of the brain directly associated with the coordination of physical movements is the cerebellum. Answer: TRUE 55) Assimilation takes place when a person uses existing schemas to make sense of events in their world. Answer: TRUE Explanation: 56) Understanding of object permanence occurs during the sensorimotor stage. Answer: TRUE 57) Seriation refers to the ability to work with symbols. Answer: FALSE Explanation: Seriation refers to the arrangement of objects in sequential order according to one aspect (e.g., size, weight, or volume). 58) The cognitive stage associated with ability to understand hypothetical situations is formal operations. Answer: TRUE 59) Hypothetical-deductive reasoning is characteristic of adolescent egocentrism. Answer: FALSE Explanation: Hypothetical-deductive reasoning is characteristic of the formal operations stage. 60) According to Piaget, most adults may be able to use formal operational thought in only a few areas in which they have the greatest interest or experience. Answer: TRUE 61) Neo-Piagetian theorists are concerned with how attention, memory, and strategy use relate to Piaget's theory of cognitive development. Answer: TRUE 62) One strategy for scaffolding complex learning is to use a reciprocal teaching approach, which requires students to play to role of the teacher by leading discussions and asking questions. Answer: TRUE Explanation: In reciprocal teaching, students rotate in playing the role of the teacher. The teacher becomes more of a facilitator of the learning process. 63) The basic difference between Piaget and Vygotsky's views of cognitive development is in attention paid to genetic factors. Answer: FALSE 64) Vygotsky viewed children's private speech to be helpful for cognitive development. Answer: TRUE 65) When children are in a zone of proximal development, use of scaffolding is appropriate. Answer: TRUE 66) The development of language is associated with the concrete operational stage. Answer: FALSE Explanation: The rapid development of language is associated with the preoperational stage. 67) Bilingual children tend to have larger vocabularies in each language compared to children learning only one language during childhood. Answer: FALSE Explanation: Bilingual children, who are learning two languages at once, tend to have smaller vocabularies in each language compared to children learning only one language in childhood. Important to note however, that the more exposure leads to a larger vocabulary (Hoff, 2006). 68) Early childhood is the best time for a child to learn a second language on his/her own. Answer: TRUE 69) The basics of word orders, or syntax, are mastered by children well before they enter the first grade. Answer: TRUE Page Ref: 55 70) Metalinguistic awareness begins to develop at about the age of puberty. Answer: FALSE Explanation: Metalinguistic awareness develops around the age of 5. 71) How to enter a conversation or how to tell jokes are examples of pragmatics. Answer: TRUE 72) “The toy is broked” is an example of overregularizing. Answer: TRUE Explanation: The example shows how a rule of syntax or grammar has been misapplied. Rather than saying, “The toy is broken”, the child says, “The toy is broked.”