Psychology Answers Part 3

82. A) B) C) D) 83. A) B) C) D) Six-year-old David is wary of trying your new lamb stew. He is also not that excited about trying frog legs or chocolate-covered bumble bees. This avoidance of unfamiliar foods is uncommon in rats. is uncommon in humans. was adaptive for our human ancestors by protecting them from toxic substances. was not adaptive for our human ancestors because they became bored eating the same foods. The recipes commonly used in countries with hot climates are more likely to include ________ than those in countries with colder climates. spices carbohydrates fats proteins A) B) C) D) By highlighting the ecology of eating, 84. psychologists focus on the fact that food consumption often depends on a hierarchy of needs. appetite hormones. hypothalamic activity. situational influences. A) B) C) D) Situational influences on our food 85. consumption have prompted psychologists to emphasize a homeostatic system. the settling point. the ecology of eating. metabolic rates. 86. The tendency to eat more food when eating with others illustrates a phenomenon called A) B) C) D) social facilitation. neophobia set point the homeostatic system. A) B) C) D) When encouraged to eat their fill of M&M's, people ate more when given a large rather 87. than a small serving scoop. This most clearly reflects neophobia. a set point social facilitation. unit bias. A) B) C) D) Judy found that her party guests ate less from 88. a very large plate of cupcakes that were cut in half rather than whole. This best illustrates body mass index. the settling point. unit bias. social facilitation. A) B) C) D) When offered as many servings of ice cream 89. as they would like to eat, people are likely to eat more if they are given small rather than large serving bowls out of which they can eat. offered servings from a wide variety rather than a small variety of ice cream flavors. eating the servings of ice cream with smaller rather than larger spoons. eating the servings of ice cream alone rather than in the presence of others. 90. A) B) C) A body that can store fat has the advantage of possessing low blood pressure. stored energy. a low set point. D) reduced levels of serotonin. 91. A) B) C) D) A) B) C) D) 92. Obesity is defined as a body weight 30 percent higher than one's normal set point. a regular daily consumption of over 3000 calories. a body mass index of 30 or more. a basal metabolic rate 30 percent lower than average for people of similar height. 93. A) B) C) D) 94. A) B) C) D) The World Health Organization identifies obesity as a high basal metabolic rate. body mass index. set point. PYY level. In the United States, the rate of obesity among adults has ________ over the last 40 years, and the rate of obesity among children and teens has ________. increased; decreased decreased; increased increased; increased decreased; decreased New research has linked women's obesity to their risk of late-life sleep loss. low blood pressure. lowered metabolism. cognitive decline. A) B) C) D) Isaac has been physically inactive and obese for as long as he can remember. He is now 95. determined to lose excess weight with a reduced-calorie diet. Isaac is likely to have difficulty losing weight while dieting because low-calorie diets trigger increased secretions of leptin. his resting metabolic rate will increase and cause him to overeat. he has an unusually low set point for body weight. it takes fewer calories to maintain fat tissue than muscle tissue. 96. A) B) C) D) 97. A) B) C) D) Research on obesity and weight control indicates that when an obese person has lost weight, a diet and exercise program are no longer necessary for maintaining the lower weight. fat tissue is maintained by fewer calories than is lean tissue. overweight people typically suffer from a lack of willpower and self-discipline. the settling point for our body weight increases after people complete weight-loss diets. A dieter whose weight falls below his or her set point is likely to experience a(n) increase in hunger and an increase in metabolic rate. increase in hunger and a decrease in metabolic rate. decrease in hunger and a decrease in metabolic rate. decrease in hunger and an increase in metabolic rate. C) D) By dramatically reducing her daily caloric intake, Marilyn plans to reduce her normal 98. body weight by 10 to 15 percent. Research suggests that after three or four weeks of sustained dieting, Marilyn will have increased blood glucose levels. experience a decrease in her feelings of hunger. have a lower resting metabolic rate. have a lower set point for body weight. A) B) C) D) The body weights of adopted children ________ resemble those of their adoptive parents than those of their biological parents, 99. and they ________ resemble those of their adoptive siblings than those of their biological siblings. more closely; more closely less closely; less closely more closely; less closely less closely; more closely A) B) 100. A) B) C) D) A) B) C) D) With sleep deprivation, the levels of leptin ________ and the levels of ghrelin ________. rise; rise fall; fall rise; fall fall; rise If your close friend becomes obese, the odds of you likewise becoming obese increase. 101. This best illustrates the impact of ________ on obesity. unit bias neophobia homeostasis social influence 102. A) B) C) D) A) B) C) D) Exercising regularly and getting enough sleep 103. contribute to a(n) ________ in metabolism and a(n) ________ in the settling point. increase; increase decrease; decrease increase; decrease decrease; increase 104. A) B) C) D) A) B) C) D) Evidence that obesity is influenced by factors in addition to genetics includes the fact that mice injected with daily doses of leptin become less active and gain weight. people lose a pound of weight for every reduction of 3500 calories in their diet. the weights of adopted people are highly correlated with the weights of their adoptive parents. jobs in the United States requiring moderate physical activity have declined since 1960. Which of the following suggestions would be the WORST advice for a dieter? ÒMinimize your exposure to tempting foods.Ó ÒAccompany your diet with a sustained exercise program.Ó ÒAvoid eating during the day so you can enjoy a big meal in the evening.Ó ÒDon't eat your meals with friends who are not on a diet.Ó Eating food more ________ leads to eating 105. less food. This is especially true for ________. slowly; women rapidly; women slowly; men rapidly; men 106. A) B) C) D) 107. A) B) C) D) A) B) C) D) B) C) D) In most nonhuman mammals, female sexual receptivity is greatest when testosterone levels are lowest. testosterone levels are highest. estrogen levels are lowest. estrogen levels are highest. Senora is a 4-year-old female cat who is definitely Òin heat.Ó She is yowling to be let 108. out of the house. However, her owner knows that when she is Òin heatÓ she is ovulating. her estrogen level is at its peak. she is sexually receptive. All of these things will occur when Senora is Òin heat.Ó 109. A) The sex hormone secreted in greater amounts by females than by males is estradiol. testosterone. HPV. serotonin. Research on sex hormones and human sexual behavior indicates that sexual desire rises slightly at ovulation among women with mates. adult men who have been castrated show virtually no reduction in sex drive. sexual interests are aroused by decreased testosterone levels in women and increased testosterone levels in men. imprisoned male sex offenders typically experience lower-than-normal testosterone levels. A) B) C) D) More than in other mammalian females, the 110. sexual drive in human females is responsive to their ________ levels. estradiol estrogen serotonin testosterone A) B) C) D) International studies find that married fathers 111. tend to have ________ than bachelors or married men without children. less estradiol lower testosterone levels longer plateau phases shorter refractory periods A) B) C) D) Fifteen-year-old Juan is experiencing an 112. increase in the hormone ________, which causes his sexual arousal to ________. estrogen; increase estrogen; decrease testosterone; increase testosterone; decrease A) B) C) D) Forty-year-old Tanisha is happily married. However, she has been feeling much less 113. interested in sexual activities since having her ovaries removed. Which of the following might be causing this? a drop in her testosterone level an increase in her testosterone level an increase in estrogen levels an increase in prolactin levels A) B) C) D) A) B) C) D) Sixteen-year-old Rashad is on his high school diving team. While they are practicing, a group of girls from the girls' swim team stop 114. by. Rashad immediately tries increasingly risky dives while the girls watch. If Rashad's hormone levels were checked at that time we are likely to find a drop in his testosterone level an increase in his testosterone level an increase in estrogen levels an increase in serotonin levels In their effort to describe the stages of the 115. human sexual response, researchers Masters and Johnson observed chimps and monkeys engaging in sex. interviewed married couples who were randomly selected from the U.S. population. interviewed only married couples who had regular sex. directly observed people engaging in sex in their laboratories. A) B) C) D) Janice and Tre are kissing and caressing each other. They are both sexually aroused and decide to engage in intercourse. According to 116. Masters and Johnson, the correct order of the stages of the sexual response cycle the two of them will experience is plateau, excitement, orgasm, and resolution. resolution, excitement, plateau, and orgasm. excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution. orgasm, excitement, plateau, and resolution. A) B) C) D) 117. The first stage of the sexual response cycle is a refractory period. an excitement stage. a plateau stage. orgasm. A) B) C) D) During the ________, the genital areas become engorged with blood, a woman's 118. vagina expands and secretes lubricant, and her breast and nipples may enlarge. plateau phase resolution phase excitement phase orgasm A) B) C) D) Sonya's genital areas have become engorged with blood and her vagina is expanding and 119. secreting lubricant, as her breast and nipples enlarge from her boyfriend's caresses and soft kisses. Sonya is in the plateau phase. resolution phase. excitement phase. orgasm. A) B) C) D) During the ________, excitement peaks as 120. breathing, pulse, and blood pressure rates continue to increase. plateau phase resolution phase excitement phase orgasm 121. A) B) C) D) Research on the sexual response cycle indicates that men and women experience an equally long refractory period following orgasm. women undergo a decrease in physiological arousal more slowly if they have experienced orgasm than if they have not. enough sperm may be released prior to male orgasm to enable conception. during the resolution phase, sexual excitement increases in women but decreases in men.