Educational Psychology Chapter 2 Practice Questions

Chapter 2 Practice Questions. 16. Which one of the following best exemplifies Piaget’s notion of disequilibrium? a. Julie and Robin disagree about the existence of God. b. Frank displays advanced math skills but struggles in reading. c. Shannahn includes a folding table on the train in her conception of tables. d. Lilly, a toddler raised in an urban apartment building, is unable to figure out the purpose of a garden hose that she sees on a suburban house. • 19. Miranda interacts with her toys when they are in view, but seems to completely forget about them when they are not near. Which of Piaget’s stages of cognitive development is Miranda demonstrating? a. preoperational. b. concrete operations. c. pragmatics. d. sensorimotor. 25. Mary Jane is given her choice of two Hershey bars, one of which has been broken into four pieces. She chooses the broken candy bar, believing that it has more candy. Mary Jane is showing a lack of _______, indicating that she has not yet completed the transition to the _________ stage of development. a. combinatorial thought; concrete operations b. combinatorial thought; formal operations c. conservation; concrete operations d. conservation; formal operations 28.According to your textbook, formal operational egocentrism is: a. the notion that all individuals should achieve formal operations in adulthood b. the ability to think about oneself in concrete ways c. the inability to separate one’s abstract thoughts from those of others d. the ability to solve personal problems in abstract ways 47. From Vygotsky’s perspective, what important role does inner speech play? a. By giving ourselves directions about what to do next, we guide ourselves through complex tasks. b. By practicing linguistic structures mentally, we develop more complex language capabilities. c. By using words mentally as well as orally, we develop a more abstract representation of the world. d. By talking to ourselves about what we should have done or said in a particular situation, we remember that situation more vividly. • 49. Which of the following best describes how the oral traditions in First Nations’ communities are related to cognitive development? a. Vygotsky’s theory of cognitive development b. metacogntitive approaches c. the information processing theory d. Piaget’s theory of cognitive development Which of the following is not a good example of Vygotsky’s notion of scaffolding? a. Provide feedback to students throughout a task. b. Ask students guiding questions during a task. c. Allow students to use supports such as reference materials. d. Have students engage in discovery learning 57.Which one of the following examples most clearly illustrates a cognitive apprenticeship? a. A junior high school English class is reading Robert Frost’s “Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening.” At the end of each verse, the teacher describes the visual images and feelings that the poem elicits for him, and he encourages his students to do likewise. b. An elementary school teacher gives his students lots of practice doing addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division problems so that they will be able to solve word problems more effectively later in the school year. c. In a high school chemistry lab, a teacher clearly describes the steps that she expects her students to take as they conduct their laboratory experiment. She also lists the things that students should do after the experiment. d. A middle school physical education teacher puts her students in pairs as they practice their forward and backward rolls. She asks the students in each pair to observe each other and give each other feedback about how to improve. 69.Many theorists believe that people have an innate predisposition to learn language. Three of the following provide sources of evidence that these theorists use to support their belief. Which one is not used to support an inherited predisposition to learning language? a. Most languages have certain characteristics in common, such as similar ways of forming negatives. b. Children develop increasingly larger and more sophisticated vocabularies as they grow older. c. Children sometimes learn a language more easily when they are exposed to it at a young age. d. People in the same community learn the same language despite very different experiences with that language. 72. Maureen vehemently denies that trees are plants. Her understanding of what a plant is reflects which of the following errors? a. overregularization b. overgeneralization c. undergeneralization d. a pragmatic error 78.The term holophrastic refers to: a. one word meant to express a complete thought. b. two words that sounds the same but have different meanings. c. two words that sound and mean the same but are spelled differently. d. two-word sentences. • 54.