Psychology Answers Part 2

A) B) C) D) Nikita comes from Nicaragua, a country with a relatively low average income. Francoise lives in Switzerland, where the standard of living is fairly high. Nikita's subjective well45. being is especially likely to be influenced by satisfaction with her ________. Francoise's subjective well-being is especially likely to be influenced by satisfaction with her ________. financial circumstances; home life physical appearance; financial circumstances personal achievements; personal safety sexual desires; financial circumstances A) B) C) D) Carmen has plenty of food and lives in a nice house. Now, she feels she needs to find a 46. soulmate, or even a close friend or two, with whom she can share her life. According to Maslow, she is now motivated by self-actualization needs. esteem needs. safety needs. belongingness and love needs. 47. A) B) C) D) A) B) Ancel Keys and his colleagues observed that men on a semistarvation diet became apathetic and lost interest in food. remained interested in food but avoided talking or thinking about it. lost interest in sex and social activities. became increasingly preoccupied with political and religious issues. In an experiment by Ancel Keys, 36 male volunteers cut their food intake in half for a 48. period of 6 months. In response to this semistarvation, the volunteers did not stabilize their weight even though they were taking in half their previous calories. stabilized at 25 percent of their normal weight, while taking in half their previous calories. reduced their energy expenditure, and their body weights stabilized at about 25 percent below their starting weights. increased their energy expenditure and their basal metabolic rate. C) D) A) B) C) D) People become obsessed with water when 49. thirsty and obsessed with food when hungry. This illustrates that activated motives increase basal metabolic rate. lower the set point. are not culturally influenced. dominate consciousness. A) B) C) D) Working with Walter Cannon, A. L. Washburn 50. used a balloon to show that feelings of hunger are accompanied by rising blood glucose levels. reduced secretions of ghrelin. a rising set point. stomach contractions. 51. A) B) C) D) 52. A) B) C) D) Research on the physiological basis of hunger has indicated that stomach contractions are unrelated to feelings of hunger. hunger continues in humans whose cancerous stomachs have been removed. rats whose stomachs have been removed must be force-fed to prevent starvation. less ghrelin is secreted when the stomach is empty. Insulin, a hormone that influences appetite, is secreted by the hypothalamus. pancreas. stomach. liver. A) B) C) D) 53. Increases in the hormone insulin lead to increasing estrogen levels. decreasing blood glucose levels. increasing PYY levels. decreasing orexin levels. A) B) C) D) Jason is on his school's wrestling team. He hasn't eaten since early this morning because he is trying to make weight. It is now time for 54. dinner. His stomach is growling and he feels very hungry. One reason for his hunger is that his blood glucose level has dropped. blood glucose level has increased. leptin levels are high. ghrelin production is low. A) B) C) D) In addition to secreting orexin, the ________ 55. monitors levels of the body's other appetite hormones. hippocampus amygdala cerebellum hypothalamus A) B) C) D) 56. We experience hunger when the level of ghrelin in our blood is low. leptin in our blood is low. glucose in our blood is low. PYY in our blood is high. 57. A) B) Which area of the hypothalamus is a neural arc with a center that secretes appetitestimulating hormones and another center that secretes appetite-suppressing hormones? stomach pancreas C) D) arcuate nucleus liver A) B) C) D) Destruction of an appetite-suppressing area 58. within the hypothalamus of a rat is most likely to lower the rat's set point for body weight. cause the rat to become extremely fat. lower the rat's blood insulin levels. increase the rat's basal metabolic rate. A) B) C) D) When people with severe obesity undergo bypass surgery that seals off part of the 59. stomach, the remaining stomach then produces much less PYY. orexin. ghrelin. insulin. A) B) C) D) Sonya has just finished a large birthday dinner. When the waiter offers to give her a 60. complementary birthday dessert, she explains that she is not feeling hungry at the moment. This is likely because her PYY levels are low. ghrelin levels are low. blood glucose level has dropped. level of orexin is high. A) B) C) D) Surgeons removed a sizable part of Tom's stomach to prevent the spread of a cancerous 61. tumor. Following a successful recovery, Tom's reduced appetite for food is most likely attributable to his body's reduced secretion of PYY. leptin. ghrelin. epinephrine. 62. A) B) C) D) 63. A) B) C) D) 64. A) B) C) D) A) B) C) D) A) Orexin is a ________ hormone secreted by the ________. hunger-arousing; hypothalamus hunger-suppressing; hypothalamus hunger-arousing; stomach hunger-suppressing; stomach Leptin is a hunger-dampening hormone secreted by the adrenal gland. the pancreas. fat cells. the hypothalamus. Feelings of hunger are decreased by the hormone ghrelin. orexin. serotonin. PYY. 65. The set point is the stage of the sexual response cycle that occurs just before orgasm. the body temperature of a healthy organism, for example, 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit in humans. the point at which energy expenditures from exercise and from metabolism are equal. the specific body weight maintained automatically by most adults over long periods of time. An explanation of motivation in terms of 66. homeostasis is best illustrated by the concept of instinct. B) C) D) set point. refractory period. incentive. 67. A) B) C) D) A) B) C) D) A) B) C) D) Basal metabolic rate is the body's resting rate of drive reduction. insulin secretion. energy expenditure. homeostasis. When an organism's weight rises above its set 68. point, the organism is likely to experience a(n) decrease in both hunger and basal metabolic rate. increase in hunger and a decrease in basal metabolic rate. decrease in hunger and an increase in basal metabolic rate. increase in both hunger and basal metabolic rate. Dr. Welch disagrees with the idea that our weight has a set point; instead, he prefers the 69. term settling point. Which of the following observations seems to support the idea of a settling point? Although laboratory mice and rats will overeat if given a variety of foods to eat, animals in the wild will eat only enough to maintain a normal body weight. Sustained changes in body weight can alter one's set point, and psychological factors also sometimes drive our feelings of hunger. Even when people are given medications that boost brain levels of serotonin, their weight will gradually decrease with age. The prevalence of obesity is just as great in developing countries as in North America. A) B) C) D) Our weight thermostats are somewhat flexible and are influenced by environmental as well 70. as biological factors. Some researchers have therefore adopted the term flow. homeostasis. refractory period. settling point. A) B) C) D) To explain why, when we have unlimited access to various tasty foods, we tend to 71. overeat and gain weight, some researchers use the term ________ to indicate a person's base weight level. homeostasis basal metabolic rate metabolism settling point A) B) C) D) After eating a normal lunch, two patients 72. readily consumed a second lunch 20 minutes later because they had no memory of the previous meal. excessively high blood glucose levels. suffered the loss of their hypothalamus. unusually low levels of ghrelin secretions. A) B) C) Kendrick has a serious case of amnesia and has no memory of anything that occurred 73. more than a minute ago. If he eats dinner at 6, and is then offered dinner at 6:30, most likely he would not remember his recent meal, so would eat the second dinner readily. refuse the second dinner, saying he had just had dinner. take one bite and then say he was full from his earlier dinner. refuse the second dinner, saying he was feeling full. D) A) B) C) D) 74. The level of serotonin in the brain is decreased by a diet high in sugar. decreased by a diet high in salt. increased by a diet high in protein. increased by a diet high in carbohydrates. 75. A) B) C) D) A) B) C) D) A) B) C) D) Eating foods that boost levels of the neurotransmitter serotonin serves to reduce tense feelings. increase ghrelin secretions. reduce self-esteem. increase bodily arousal. Camila is nervous about an upcoming exam and is consuming large quantities of pasta. But, she is surprised by how much of this 76. starchy, carbohydrate-laden food she is eating. What can you tell her that will explain her eating behavior? Carbohydrates increase levels of GABA, which can help you sleep. Carbohydrates help increase levels of serotonin, which can have calming effects. Carbohydrates help increase levels of glutamate, which can have calming effects. Carbohydrates help increase levels of norepinephrine, which can have calming effects. People's preferences for sweet tastes are 77. ________, and their preferences for excessively salty tastes are ________. needs; drives drives; needs universal; learned learned; universal A) B) C) D) Caroline developed a dislike for the taste of potato chips because she became sick several 78. times after eating them. Her experience best illustrates that taste preferences are influenced by basal metabolic rate. learning experiences. the spillover effect. a settling point. 79. A) B) C) D) People are most likely to dislike the taste of ________ foods. salty starchy novel familiar A) B) C) D) 80. People's dislike of novel foods best illustrates set point. neophobia. basal metabolic rate hierarchy of needs A) B) C) D) Jana is visiting friends in Bangkok and is asked to try a local delicacy, sautŽed grasshoppers. She is reluctant to do so as her 81. ________, which was adaptive for our ancestors, makes Jana less willing to consume this odd food. set point basal metabolic rate hypothalamus neophobia