Anatomy and Physiology Test 2

Anatomy and Physiology Test 1 Multiple Choice (Choose the BEST answer!) 1. The study of the function of the human body is called a. anatomy b. physiology c. developmental d. macroscopic 2. One way the body regulates itself by using negative feedback is a. exercising more often when overweight b. decrease in heart rate when blood pressure increases c. decrease in labor contractions during childbirth d. sweating when body temperature increases 3. The study of the structure of the human body is called a. anatomy b. physiology c. developmental d. macroscopic 4. _______ is the body’s ability to maintain a stable internal environment. a. Metabolism b. Stimulus c. Homeostasis d. Histology 5. ________ is the study of cells and _________ is the study of tissues. a. Cytology, Tissology b. Cytology, Histology c. Tissology, Cytology d. Histology, Cytology 6. Which of the following best illustrates the idea of increasing levels of complexity? a. cells, tissues, organelles, organs, systems b. tissues, cells, organs, organelles, systems c. organs, organelles, systems, cells, tissues d. organelles, cells, tissues, organs, systems 7. The plane that separates the body into right and left portions is the a. frontal plane b. transverse plane c. coronal plane d. sagittal plane 8. The thoracic cavity lies where in relationship to the abdominopelvic cavity? a. posterior b. anterior c. superior d. inferior 9. Due to mitosis and cytoplasmic division, the daughter cells contain a. identical chromosomes b. identical DNA information c. both identical chromosomes and DNA information d. none of the above 10. _________ is an example of loose connective tissue. a. Adipose b. Cartilage c. Smooth muscle d. Bone 11. One way the body regulates itself by using positive feedback is a. shivering when body temperature decreases b. increase in heart rate when blood pressure decreases c. increase in labor contractions during childbirth d. sweating when body temperature increases 12. The nose is ______ and _______ to the ears. a. anterior, proximal b. superior, lateral c. inferior, posterior d. anterior, medial 13. __________ results in four daughter cells that have different DNA from one another. a. Meiosis b. Mitosis c. Anaphase d. Prophase Short Answer 51. List the four types of tissues found in the human body and give a brief description of their functions. The human body consists of four types of tissues: epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscle tissue, and nervous tissue. Epithelial tissue covers surfaces and lines cavities, serving protective, absorptive, secretory, and sensory functions. Connective tissue provides support and structure, including loose and dense connective tissue, cartilage, bone, blood, and adipose tissue. Muscle tissue facilitates movement and comprises skeletal muscle (voluntary), smooth muscle (involuntary), and cardiac muscle (involuntary). Nervous tissue transmits electrical impulses, enabling communication between body parts, forming the brain, spinal cord, and nerves 52. How do simple and stratified epithelial tissues differ? Simple epithelial tissues consist of a single layer of cells and are involved in absorption, secretion, and filtration, whereas stratified epithelial tissues comprise multiple layers of cells and serve protective functions, acting as barriers against mechanical and chemical stresses 53. Identify the three types of muscular tissues and explain the difference between them in terms of striations and bands as well as voluntary/involuntary. There are three types of muscular tissues: skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, and cardiac muscle. Skeletal muscle is striated and voluntary, attached to bones for voluntary movements like walking. Smooth muscle lacks striations and is involuntary, found in organs like the intestines and blood vessels, controlling involuntary processes such as peristalsis. Cardiac muscle is striated and involuntary, forming the heart walls and responsible for rhythmic contractions that pump blood throughout the body