University:
Harvard University
Course:
PSY 15 | Social Psychology
Academic year:

2019
Views:

410

Pages:

1
Author:

lvierawh

Leon Festinger and James Carlsmith conducted an experiment where participant performed a boring task and some were given 1$ and some $20. They were both asked to lie and tell the next subject that they enjoyed the task. The subjects who had been paid $1 enjoyed the task more than those who were paid $20. This was because the $20 group lied only for the money while the 1$ group lacked sufficient motivation to lie and had to change their attitudes toward the experiment to reduce dissonance. COMPLIANCE STRATEGIES Compliance Strategies: Strategies used to get others to comply with one’s wishes. Foot-in-the-Door: A phenomenon that suggests that if you can get someone to comply with a small request, they will become more likely to agree with a larger follow up request. Door-in-the-Face: A phenomenon which suggests that after people refuse a large request, the will look more favorably to a smaller follow-up request. Norms of Reciprocity: People tend to think when someone does something nice for them, they ought to do something nice back. ATTRIBUTION THEORY Attribution Theory: Tries to explain how people determine the cause of what they observe. There are six types of attributions: Charley got a perfect score on a test, one may think  Dispositional (Person): He is good at math.  Situation: Situational factor; the test was easy.  Stable (Person): Charley was always good at math  Unstable (Person): He studied a lot for this one test.  Stable (Situation): His teacher is always an easy tester.  Unstable (Situation): His teacher gave one easy test. Harold Kelly put forth a theory that explains the kind of attributions people make based on three kinds of information:  Consistency: How similarly the individual acts in the same situation over time.  Distinctiveness: How similar this situation is to other situations we have seen the individual.  Consensus: How others in the same situation responded. Self-Fulfilling Prophecy: The expectations we have about others that influences how one acts toward another person. Robert Rosenthal and Lenore Jacobson’s “Pygmalion in the Classroom” experiment randomly selected student and told their teachers that they were geniuses. At the end of the school year, it was shown that they yielded higher results. Attributional Biases Fundamental Attribution Error: When people look at the behavior of others, people tend to overestimate the importance of dispositional factors and underestimate the role of situational factors. It is shown that people in collectivist cultures make less of these errors. False-Consensus Effect: The tendency to overestimate the number of people who agree with them. Self-Serving Bias: The tendency to take more credit for good outcomes than bad ones. Just-World Bias: A bias toward thinking bad things happen to bad people and good things happen to good people. STEREOTYPES, PREJUDICE, AND DISCRIMINATION Stereotypes: Negative or positive ides about what members of different groups are like. Prejudice: Undeserved, usually negative attitude toward a group of people. Ethnocentrism: The belief that one’s culture is superior to others. Discrimination: When one acts on one’s prejudices. Out-Group Homogeneity: When people tend to see members of their own group (in-group) as more diverse than members of other groups (out-groups).

Experiment Where Participant Performed a Boring Task

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