University:
Indiana University East
Course:
BIOL-L 101 | Introduction to Biological Sciences I
Academic year:

2019
Views:

279

Pages:

1
Author:

Carissa Thomas

U2 Learning Journal - Crossword 20. number of amino acids For each category of macromolecule, carbohydrate, lipid, protein and nucleic acid, select a representative polymer and explain its function within the cell. Suggest which aspects of your chosen molecule are characteristic of the class of macromolecules to which it belongs by identifying its monomer subunits and describing their basic chemical structure and the manner in which the monomers are linked together. For instance, an example of a carbohydrate would be cellulose. Its monomer subunit is glucose which is a monosaccharide with the formula C6H12O6. The glucose molecules in cellulose are linked together by β1-4 glycosidic bonds which form long chains and give cellulose its strength and rigidity. This strength is important as the function of cellulose is to provide structural support in plants. Carbohydrate, Hexoses include glucose, galactose, and fructose. They are structural isomers, which means they share the same chemical formula (C6H12O6) but have a different atom arrangement. They share the same chemical formula, but their structures are slightly different. Aldoses include glucose, galactose, and fructose. A polysaccharide is a lengthy chain of monosaccharides connected by glycosidic linkages. Starch is a combination of amylose and amylopectin that is used to store carbohydrates in plants (both polymers of glucose). Plants can produce glucose, and any glucose that is surplus to the plant's immediate energy needs is stored as starch in various plant components, such as roots and seeds. Lipids, Unsaturated fats are lipids because they are liquid. Fatty acids linked to glycerol in a fat can be similar or different. Essential fatty acids, such as Omega fatty acids, are needed but not generated by the human body. Protein, Proteins are made up of monomers called amino acids. “An amino group, a carboxyl group, a hydrogen atom, and a side chain (R group) are all connected to a central asymmetric carbon in amino acids.” They are linked together by peptide connections. All proteins are made up of 20 different types of amino acids arranged in different ways. Glutamate is a -amino acid that is required in the production of proteins and is therefore essential for humans. Immune cells in the intestine are aided. DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is a crucial nucleic acid. It is necessary for the cell to survive. The genetic information required to replicate proteins is stored in this file. Nucleic acids are made up of monomers. Nucleic Acid, Nucleotides are the building blocks of DNA. Each nucleotide is made up of three parts: a nitrogenous base, a phosphate base, and a sugar base. A phosphate group, and a pentose sugar Each nitrogenous base in a nucleotide is joined to a phosphate group. A sugar molecule with one or more phosphate groups connected to it. The sugar pentose in DNA Deoxyribose is a kind of sugar. The structure of DNA is a double helix.