Hyphae in Fungal Nutrition

Evolution from Plants to Fungi: Comparison of Fungi with Other Organisms Name : Minggu Menang Class : 19-A Mushroom in Indonesian has several meanings that are somewhat related, namely Jamur is the fruiting body visible on the surface of the growing medium of a group of fungi (Basidiomycota) that is shaped like an umbrella: consisting of an upright part ("stem") and a horizontal or rounded part. In biological technical terms, this fruiting body is called the basidium. Some mushrooms are safe for humans to eat and some are even considered medicinal, while others are poisonous. Examples of edible mushrooms: merang mushroom (Volvariela volvacea), oyster mushroom (Pleurotus), ear mushroom (Auricularia polytricha), button mushroom or champignon (Agaricus campestris), and shiitake mushroom (Lentinus edulis). Fungi are all parts of a fungi: the fruiting body, and the below-ground web or mycelia media composed of hyphal bundles. Mushroom is another name for mold. This meaning can be seen, for example, in the expression "The bread is moldy" which means "the bread is covered with mold". Fungi is the regnum name of a large group of heterotrophic eukaryotic living things that digest their food outside the body and then absorb nutrient molecules into their cells. Fungi come in many forms. The layman recognizes most members of Fungi as molds, fungi, yeasts, or yeasts, although often it is the outward appearance that is meant, not the species itself. The difficulty in recognizing fungi is partly due to the succession of offspring that have a completely different appearance (remember metamorphosis in insects or frogs). Fungi reproduce themselves sexually and asexually. Sexual propagation by: two hyphae from different fungi fuse to form a zygote and then the zygote grows into a fruiting body, while asexual propagation by forming spores, sprouting or fragmentation of hyphae. Fungi have a spore box called a sporangium. Fungi used to be grouped as plants. In its development, fungi were separated from plants because many things were different. Fungi are not autotrophs like plants but heterotrophs so they are closer to animals. Attempts to unite fungi with animals in the same group also failed because fungi digest their food outside the body (external), unlike animals that digest internally. In addition, fungi cells have cell walls composed of chitin, unlike animal cells. Living fungi absorb organic substances from their environment. Based on how they get their food, fungi have the following characteristics: Saprophytic, Parasitic and Mutual. Fungi live in a variety of environments but most fungi live in humid places. The habitat of fungi is on land (terrestrial) and in humid places. However, many fungi also live on organisms or the remains of organisms in the sea or in fresh water. Fungi can also live in acidic environments. Fungi reproduce asexually and sexually. Asexual reproduction occurs by the formation of buds or shoots in unicellular fungi as well as the breaking of hyphal threads (mycelial fragmentation) and the formation of asexual spores (vegetative spores) in multicellular fungi. Sexual reproduction of fungi is carried out by sexual spores. Sexual spores are produced by singamy. Singami consists of two stages, namely the plasmogamy stage and the karyogamy stage. The body of a fungus consists of threads called hyphae, hyphae can form a branching web called mycelium. Hyphae (Latin: hypha, plural hyphae) are biological structures in the form of fine bundles that are part of the vegetative body of various fungi (the "fungal kingdom"). Hyphae can be easily seen with the eye when they have formed a dense mass and form colonies on the body parts of the host organism or the remains of organisms or food, known as mycelium (mycelium, plural mycelia). It can be said that hyphae are the true body form of fungi. The umbrella-like structures that people commonly recognize as fungi are nothing but reproductive organs known as fruiting bodies, which appear only occasionally.