University:
Jackson State University
Course:
BIO 111 | General Biology
Academic year:

2023
Views:

233

Pages:

1
Author:

Sonny Mann

Biomolecule Elements/Chemical Formula Function Monomer/Polymer Examples Other Carbohydrates Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen  1:2:1 Ratio main source of energy; aka. quick energy C6H12O6 = glucose Proteins Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen Has a –COOH and –NH2 and R group     Bones and muscles transport things in and out of cells control rate of chemical reactions regulate cell processes (enzymes and hormones) Monomer = sugar or monosaccharide Glucose, fructose Polymer = polysaccharide Starch in plants; Glycogen in animals Ex. of foods: Sugar, starch (potatoes, pasta, etc.) Monomer = amino acids Ex. of foods: Meat, poultry, eggs, beans, soy, nuts, peanut butter, enzymes Polymer = protein/polypeptide chain Sugars end in –ose  one of the most important biomolecules  enzymes usually end in -ase Lipids Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen   NOT a 1:2:1 Ratio Has a –COOH group   long-term energy storage make up biological membranes, phospholipid bilayer waterproof coverings insulation, cushioning No True Monomer or Polymer Usually contains glycerol and fatty acid chains Fats, oils, waxes, and biological membranes Ex. Cholesterol Nucleic Acids Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen and Phosphorus   stores and transmits genetic information codes for proteins Monomer = nucleotide (sugar, phosphate group and nitrogenous base Polymer = nucleic acid DNA = deoxyribonucleic acid RNA = ribonucleic acid ATP = adenosine triphosphate DOES NOT DISSOLVE IN WATER

Biomolecules Chart Cheat Sheet

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