University:
Kentucky State University
Course:
BIO 301 | Human Anatomy
Academic year:

2023
Views:

374

Pages:

18
Author:

andalus3q5

Lecture Title :Pectoral region and muscles connecting the UL to the vertebral column 28/2/2021 Sheet Note #1 • Pectoral region is also called :the upper anterior part of the thorax or the breast region Muscles They are numerous and produces the movements of many parts of the body. Types: A. Voluntary: 1. Skeletal → about 700 Locations: • Superficial. • Deep. B. Involuntary: 2. Cardiac → Wall of the Heart. 3. Smooth → Wall of organs. e.g. Stomach. Spring 2021 4 Sheet Note #2 • the voluntary muscles are controlled consciously. • The involuntary muscles are not controlled consciously (They are controlled by the autonomic nervous system) • The skeletal muscles usually attach to the bones • The smooth muscles are usually found in the walls of hollow organs like: small/large intestines, blood vessels, bladder and uterus Skeletal Muscles • Form about 40% of body mass. Each muscle has two attachments: • An Origin, the proximal and immobile. • An Insertion, the distal and mobile. • Body (belly). Law: When a muscle performs its action, its insertion, should moves towards its origin. Functions: • Movement of the body. • Generate body heat. • Maintain body position. Spring 2021 6 Sheet Note #3 • The skeletal muscles generate heat by generating ATP from the mitochondria (that’s why you shiver to stay warm when it’s really cold) Pectoral Region (Breast Region) Pectoral Region Contents (Layers): 1. Skin. 2. Superficial fascia (a fibrous sheet of loose connective T.) 3. Breast. 4. Deep fascia (a fibrous sheet of dense connective tissue that invest the muscles). 3 Muscles: a. Pectoralis major. b. Pectoralis minor. c. Subclavius. Spring 2021 11 Sheet Note #5 • The superficial fascia is often full of fat because it contains loose connective tissue. • The deep fascia is a tough layer that covers the muscles of the pectoral region. • The Pectoralis minor is located behind the Pectoralis major muscle. • Subclavius muscles is located behind the clavicle. pectoralis major pectoralis minor subclavius Pectoralis major - Origin: Clavicle and Sternum . - Insertion: humerus. - Nerve Supply: Medial and lateral pectoral nerves. - Action: Adducts and medially rotate the arm. Spring 2021 13 2. Pectoralis Minor 3. Subclavius Spring 2021 14 Muscles connecting UL to vertebral column Arrange in 2 layers:  Superficial layer: 1. Deltoid 2. Trapezius 3. Latissmus dorsi  Deep layer: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Spring 2021 Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Teres minor Teres major Subscapularis Serratus anterior y 15 Deltoid O: Clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula. Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity of humerus. Action: Its fibers runs in 3 directions: • Middle Abduct arm 15-900. • Anterior Flex shoulder joint. • Posterior Extend shoulder joint. Nerve Supply: Axillary Nerve Anterior Posterior Spring 2021 16 Sheet Note #6 • Deltoid tuberosity of humerus is a rough surface in the shaft of the humerus • The middle fibers of the deltoid (the horizontal fibers) extend from the acromion • The anterior fibers extend from the clavicle • The posterior fibers extend from the spine of the scapula • The axilla is the area between the thorax and the upper arm (armpit) • Clinical note : some people who use the crutch may have trouble in the abduction of the arm, and the reason is that the crutch is compressing the axillary nerve. Sheet Note #7 • The initiation of abduction of the arm is done by the supraspinatus muscle (from 0-15 degrees). • Clinical note : if a patient can’t abduct his arm from (0-90 degrees), the Deltoid and Supraspinatus muscles may have lost their actions. Teres Major O: Lateral border of the Scapula. Insertion: humerus Action: Adduction & Medial Rotation of arm. NS: Lower subscapular n. Spring 2021 y 20 Sheet Note #8 • Pectoralis major and Teres major muscles cooperate with each other to do adduction and medial rotation of the arm. Teres major Teres minor

Pectoral Regionand Muscles Connecting the UL to the Vertebral Column

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