Muscles of the Thigh and Hip

Muscle Origin Insertion Nerve Blood Action Supply Supply Muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh Upper medial Femoral Femoral -Hip joint: Flexion, surface of shaft nerve. artery. abduction, lateral of tibia (SGS rotation. area). -Knee joint : Flexion and medial rotation. Sartorius Anterior superior iliac spine. Pectineus Superior ramus of pubis. Upper end of linea aspera of shaft of femur. Femoral nerve. Femoral artery. -Hip joint : Flexion and adduction. Psoas major Transverse processes, bodies, and intervertebral discs of T12-L5. Lesser trochanter of femur. Lumbar plexus. Femoral artery. -Flexes thigh on trunk. -Flexes trunk on thigh (sit up exercise). Iliacus Iliac fossa of hip bone. Lesser trochanter of femur. Femoral nerve. Femoral artery. Quadriceps femoris (4 heads) : 1.Vastus Medialis Upper end and shaft of femur (linear origin). The four heads are attached to the patella via ligamentum patellae and inserted to the tibial tuberosity (real insertion). Femoral nerve. Femoral artery. 2.Vastus Lateralis Upper end and shaft of femur (linear origin). -Quadriceps muscle is the main extensor of knee joint. -Only the rectus femoris head flexes hip joint. Image Muscle Origin 3.Vastus Intermedius Anterior and lateral surfaces of shaft of femur. 4.Rectus Femoris -Straight head: anterior inferior iliac spine. -Reflected head : ilium above acetabulum. Insertion Nerve Supply Blood Supply Action Muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh Adductor Longus Body of pubis, medial to the pubic tubercle. Posterior surface of shaft of femur (linea aspara). Obturator nerve. -Obturator artery. -Profunda femoris artery. Adducts thigh at hip joint. Adductor Brevis Inferior ramus of pubis. Posterior surface of shaft of femur (linea aspara). Obturator nerve. -Obturator artery. -Profunda femoris artery. Adducts thigh at hip joint. Adductor Magnus Ischio-pubic ramus. Mainly linea aspara, gluteal tuberosity and medial supracondylar line. Obturator nerve. -Obturator artery. -Profunda femoris artery. Adducts thigh at hip joint. Image Muscle Origin Insertion Gracilis Inferior ramus of pubis, ramus of ischium. Upper medial surface of shaft of tibia (SGS area). Obturator Externus Outer surface of obturator membrane and pubic and ischial rami. Medial surface of greater trochanter. Nerve Supply Obturator nerve. Blood Supply -Obturator artery. -Profunda femoris artery. Obturator nerve. -Obturator artery. -Profunda femoris artery. Action -Adducts thigh at hip joint. -Flexes leg at knee joint. -Laterally rotates thigh at hip joint. Muscles of the gluteal region Gluteus Maximus -Ilium, behind the posterior gluteal line. -Back of sacrum and coccyx. -Back of sacrotuberous ligament. -The superficial three – fourths: the iliotibial tract. -The lower deep part : the gluteal tuberosity of femur. Inferior gluteal nerve. Tensor Fascia Latae Iliac crest. Iliotibial tract. Superior gluteal nerve. Gluteus Medius Ilium, between the anterior and posterior gluteal lines. Greater trochanter of femur. Superior gluteal nerve. -Main extensor of hip joint. -Some lateral rotation. -Supports the extended knee joint through the iliotibial tract. -Cycling, climbing, going upstairs. -Assist gluteus maximus in extending the knee joint. - Main abductor of the hip joint. -Medial rotation (anterior fibers). – contract reflex on each side during walking to prevent tilting of the pelvis to the unsupported side. Image Muscle Origin Gluteus Minimus Ilium, between the inferior and anterior gluteal lines. Piriformis Insertion Greater trochanter of femur. Nerve Supply Superior gluteal nerve. Blood Supply Action - Main abductor of the hip joint. -Medial rotation (anterior fibers). – contract reflex on each side during walking to prevent tilting of the pelvis to the unsupported side. Short lateral rotator muscle of the hip joint. Quadratus Femoris Short lateral rotator muscle of the hip joint. Obturator Externus Short lateral rotator muscle of the hip joint. Obturator Internus Short lateral rotator muscle of the hip joint. Superior Gemellus Short lateral rotator muscle of the hip joint. Image Muscle Origin Insertion Nerve Supply Blood Supply Inferior Gemellus Action Image Short lateral rotator muscle of the hip joint. Muscles of the posetrior compartment of the thigh Biceps Femoris -Long head: ischial tuberosity. -Short head: linea aspera, lateral supracondylar ridge of femur. Head of fibula. -Long head : Tibial branch of sciatic nerve. -Short head: common peroneal branch of sciatic nerve. Tibial branch of sciatic nerve. Branches of the profunda femoris artery. -Flexes and laterally rotates leg at knee joint. -Long head (alone) extends thigh at hip joint. Semitendinosus Ischial tuberosity (inferomedial). Upper medial surface of shaft of tibia (SGS area). Branches of the profunda femoris artery. -Flexes and medially rotates leg at knee joint. -Extends thigh at hip joint. Semimembranous Ischial Medial condyle tuberosity of tibia. (superolateral). Tibial branch of sciatic nerve. Branches of the profunda femoris artery. -Flexes and medially rotates leg at knee joint. -Extends thigh at hip joint. Hamstring Portion of Adductor Magnus (ischial part) Tibial branch of sciatic nerve. Branches of the profunda femoris artery. -Extends thigh at hip joint. Ischial tuberosity. Adductor tubercle of femur. This part