Lower Limb Muscles Summary

Color codes:- Anterior compartment of the thigh, Medial comp, Posterior comp, Gluteal muscle, Leg ant, Leg post, Leg lateral. Muscle Sartorius Origin Anterior superior iliac spine Pectineus Superior ramus of pubis Psoasmajor Transverse processes, bodies, and intervertebral discs of the 12th thoracic and five lumbar vertebrae Iliacus Iliac fossa of hip bone Insertion Nerve Action Upper medial surface of shaft of tibia Femoral nerve Anterior Division Flexes, abducts, laterally rotates thigh at hip joint Flexes and medially rotates leg at knee joint Upper end of linea aspera of shaft of femur Femoral nerve Anterior Division and sometimes obturator nerve The anterior division Flexes and adducts thigh at hip joint Lesser trochanter Lumbar plexus Lesser trochanter by the Femoral nerve in the pelvis Quardicipes femoris Consisting of: Extends the leg at knee joint; flexes thigh at hip joint (only the rectus femoris head). the four heads are 1- The rectus femoris 2- The vastus intermedius 3- The vastus lateralis 4- The vastus medialis Originates by two heads Reflected head from ilium above acetabulum Straight head from anterior inferior iliac spine Anterior and lateral surfaces of shaft of femur Upper end and shaft of femur Upper end and shaft of femur attached to the patella and, via the ligamentum patellae, to the tibial tuberosity (the real insertion) it Flexes thigh on trunk; if thigh is fixed (The insertion is fixed while the origin is moving) It flexes the trunk on thigh as in sitting up from lying down. femoral nerve Posterior Division Quadriceps femoris is the main extensor of the knee joint Body of pubis, medial to pubic tubercle Posterior surface of shaft of femur (linea aspera) Obturator nerve The anterior division Adducts thigh at hip joint Inferior ramus of pubis Posterior surface of shaft of femur (linea aspera) Obturator nerve The anterior Division and occasionally The posterior division Adducts thigh at hip joint Adductor magnus (pubic part) Ischio-pubic ramus mainly linea aspera, gluteal tuberosity and medial supracondylar line obturator nerve The posterior division Adducts thigh at hip joint Gracilis muscle Inferior ramus of pubis, ramus of ischium Obturator nerve The anterior division Adducts thigh at hip joint; flexes leg at knee joint Obturator nerve The posterior division Laterally rotates thigh at hip joint, One of the short lateral rotator muscles of the hip joint Adductor longus Adductor brevis Upper part of shaft of tibia on medial surface (SGS) area Obturator externus Outer surface of obturator membrane and pubic and ischial rami Medial surface of greater trochanter Gluteus maximus 1-Ilium ( area behind the posterior gluteal line) 2 -Back of sacrum and coccyx 3- Back of sacrotuberous ligament 1 The superficial three –fourths are inserted into the iliotibial tract 2 The lower deep part is inserted into the gluteal tuberosity of femur Inferior gluteal nerve Extends thigh, some lateral rotation (main extensor of the hip joint) Supports the Extended knee joint through Iliotibial tract Iliotibial tract Superior gluteal nerve Assist gluteus maximus in extending the knee joint Tensor fasciaelatae Iliac crest Gluteus medius Greater trochanter of femur Ilium Superior gluteal nerve Gluteus minimus 1 Abduction (main abductor of the hip joint) 2 Medial rotation (anterior fibers) 3 Both muscle contract reflex on each side alternatively during walking to prevent tilting of the pelvis to the unsupported side Short Lateral rotator muscles 1-Piriformis 2-Superior gemellus 3-Obturator internus 4-Inferior gemellus 5-Quadratus femoris 6-Obturator externus 1-Long head: ischial tuberosity 2-Short head: linea aspera, lateral supracondylar ridge of shaft of femur Head of fibula Semitendinosus Ischial tuberosity Upper part of medial surface of shaft of tibia (SGS area) Tibial portion of sciatic nerve Semimembranosus Ischial tuberosity Medial condyle of tibia Tibial portion of sciatic nerve Adductor magnus (hamstring portion) Or ischial part Ischial tuberosity Adductor tubercle of femur Tibial portion of sciatic nerve Bicepsfemoris Long head: tibial portion of sciatic nerve Short head: common peroneal portion of sciatic nerve Flexes and laterally rotates leg at knee joint; long head also extends thigh at hip joint Flexes and medially rotates leg at knee joint; extends thigh at hip joint Flexes and medially rotates leg at knee joint; extends thigh at hip joint Extends thigh at hip joint Leg anterior, Leg lateral, Leg posterior. The tibialis anterior Extensor digitorum longus Extensor hallucis longus All the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg originate from Lateral surface of the shaft of tibia (tibialis anterior) or The anterior surface of shaft of fibula (extensor surface) the remaining three muscles Deep Peroneal Nerve Peroneus tertius The main actions of these muscles are Extension of the foot at the ankle joint (dorsiflextion) to raise the toes up (in other words to stand up on the heels) In addition any muscle that got (tibialis) in its name will invert the foot at subtalar and transverse tarsal joints while any muscle got (peroneus) in its name will Everts foot at subtalar and transverse tarsal joints Useful thing: Tom has very nice dogs and pigs Peroneus longus peroneus brevis from the lateral surface of shaft of fibula Lateral surface of shaft of fibula Base of first metatarsal and the medial cuneiform bone (passes through a groove in the Cuboid bone. Superficial peroneal nerve both flex the foot at the ankle joint Evert the foot at the subtalar and transverse tarsal joints Gastrocnemius (superficial) Lateral head from lateral condyle of femur Medial head from above medial condyle Via tendo calcaneus into posterior surface of calcaneum Soleous (superficial) Shafts of tibia and fibula Via tendo calcaneus into posterior surface of calcaneum Plantaris (superficial) Plantar flexes foot at ankle joint Flexes knee joint Tibial nerve Note: This muscle some times is absent Popliteus (deep) Flexor digitorum longus (deep) Tibial nerve Flexor hallucis longus (deep) Tibialis posterior (deep) Useful thing: Tom does very nice hats Together with gastrocnemius and plantaris is powerful plantar flexor of ankle joint; provides main propulsive force in walking and running