University:
Kentucky State University
Course:
BIO 301 | Human Anatomy
Academic year:

2019
Views:

287

Pages:

4
Author:

Alma Stephenson

Anatomy- is the study of structure of an organism and relationships of its parts. Physiology- Study of functions of living organisms and their parts. Anterior (ventral) and posterior (dorsal) Pathology-scientific The study of disease Anterior - Front, in front of (same as ventral in humans) Anatomical position - Body is standing erect with the feet slightly apart and arms at the sides with palms turned forward. Posterior- Back, in back of (same as dorsal in humans) Proximal and distal (Limbs) The supine position- -the body lying face up. The prone position -the body lying face down Proximal: Nearest to the trunk or point of origin. Define these terminologies: Distal: Away from the trunk or point of origin. Superior and inferior Superior: Toward the head, upper, above Inferior: Toward the feet, lower, below Deep and superficial Superficial: Nearer the body surface Deep: Farther away from the body surface Define these body sections(planes): Frontal(coronal) section Transverse section Lengthwise plane that divides a structure into anterior and posterior sections horizontal plane that divides a structure into upper and lower sections Midsagittal plane that divides the body into two equal halves. Sagittal plane: Lengthwise plane that divides a structure into right and left sections Thoracic Cavity- space in your chest that contains organs, blood vessels, nerves and other important body structures. Anatomy Terms -MUST KNOW Two subdivisions: Carpal- Wrist 1- Mediastinum: Midportion of thoracic cavity; heart and trachea located in mediastinum 2- Pleural cavities: • Right lung located in right pleural cavity. • left lung in left pleural cavity. • The muscular sheet called the diaphragm divides the thoracic cavity and abdominal cavities. Cervical – Neck Femoral- Thigh Umbilical-Navel Brachial- Arm Antebrachial – Forearm Inguinal – Groin Cephalic- Head Tarsal- Ankle Axillary- Armpit Name the three regions of the upper abdomen. Right hypochondriac region Epigastric region Left hypochondriac region Cell organelles and their functions • Ribosomes - Manufacture proteins & enzymes • Rough endoplasmic reticulum transport those proteins • Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Repair (make) new plasma membrane. • Golgi apparatus - Processes and packages materials Define homeostasis. • Lysosomes - Garbage bags; contains digestive system -Maintaining a relative constancy of the internal environment. • Mitochondria - Powerhouse of the cell. Makes energy (ATP) - Adenosine triphosphate is currency for agency Negative feedback loops reverse/oppose the primary change. Positive loops enhance the primary change. Ex: birth of a baby, blood clot. Feedback loops involves: - a sensor a control center an effector Organs function to maintain homeostasis - epithelial tissue connective tissue nervous tissue muscular tissue