Urinary System Worksheet I

Urinary System Worksheet I Identify the components and the functions of the urinary system. Function: The kidneys filter the fluid component of the blood, and forms ___________, which urine allows us to eliminate wastes. Each day, we filter on average 180 L of blood through the kidneys and produce about 1.8 L of urine. COMPONENTS ● _________________ kidneys ○ We have two (left and right). ○ Paired structures ● _________________ ureters ○ Connect the kidneys to a storage container. ○ Carry _______________ to the bladder urine ● __________________ _______________ bladder Urinary ○ Muscular storage container which can change shape to accommodate fluid. ● ________________ Urethra ○ Allows fluid collected in the urinary bladder to be released from the body. The urinary system (does/doesn’t) have accessory organs. FUNCTIONS 1. Fluid Filtration - _______________ of blood is filtered (RBCs recycled in liver, old WBCs Plasma phagocytized and destroyed) 2. ______________ ___________ ______________ blood Regulate volume 3. Maintains salt/water balance 4. Maintains acid/base balance 5. _______________________ Gluconeogenesis - Production of new glucose 6. Renin production - Renin is linked to _________________________, which is linked to angiotensin ________________ ______________________ control blood pressure 7. _________________________ Erythropoietin - Stimulates production of RBCs (linked to oxygen-carrying abilities of the blood) 8. Activates Vitamin D - Skin produces _________________ form of vitamin D (especially in _______); inactive sun kidneys play a role in activating it Describe the structure of a kidney and its coverings. KIDNEY STRUCTURE Part Renal Capsule Description ● Outer boundary (defining margin) ● Most ______________________ layer superficial Cortex ● ___________________ Superficialouter region ● Deep to ___________________ Capsule ● _____________________ tissue cortical Medulla ● Deep to ___________________ cortex Pelvis ● _________________________ ______________ region that collects Hollowed out _______________ fluid ● Connects to the ________________ ureter Sinus ● A space within the ______________ which can hold pelvis _______________ -- depression within the kidney fluid ● ________________ connection ureter Pyramids Columns Minor calyces ● _________________ shaped. triangle ● Striped appearance due to presence of _____________________ collecting ducts _______________ (tubules that line up next to each other). tubules ● Rectangle shapes located between the _______________. pyramids ● __________________ extensions of the ______________. cortex inward ● ___________________ area at the bottom of the ________________. collecting pyramids ● They merge together to form __________ __________________. major Major calyces calyces ● ________ or more ___________ _____________ merge to form these 2 minor calyses Hilus/Hilum ● ___________________ where the __________ attaches. Indentation ureter SUPPORTIVE LAYERS The kidneys are outside of the ___________________ (which surrounds the abdominal organs). peritoneum For this reason, they are said to be “_________________________”. The kidneys are located retroperitoneal high up on the rear abdominal wall. Since they don’t have peritoneum, the kidneys themselves have the following supportive layers: ● Renal capsule o ____________ layer of the kidney. outer ● Adipose capsule o Surrounds the outside of the kidney. o Rich with ________________ tissue. adipose ▪ Explain the functions of this tissue: 1. Cushion/Protection: adipose tissue protects kidney from damage or trauma Adiposetissue protectkidneyfromdamageortrauma 2. Insulation: bloodis aconduitofheatsowedo notwanttolosebodyheattotheenvironment ● Renal fascia o Anchors all of this to the ________ abdominal wall. rear List the similarities (meaning all the components) and differences between cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons, including the vasculature present… NEPHRON The _________________ and _________________ unit of the kidney. There are more than 1 functional Structural million per kidney. ● Glomerulus o A specialized ______________ bed of the kidney. capillary o Unique because it exists between two ________________. arterioles o These are veryleaky ____________ capillaries. fenestrated ● Renal tubule o Glomerular (Bowman’s) capsule ▪ Completely surrounds the __________________. glomerulus Why? sothatitcollectseverythingthatisleakingoutofthe glomeruluscapillaries o Proximal convoluted tubule ▪ First tube that leaves the _________________. glomerulus o Loop of Henle ▪ Loop in the ______________convoluted tubule. ▪ Divided intoProfitsnding _________________ & __________________ portions. ascending o Distal convoluted tubule ▪ Located after the __________ of ___________. henle loop ▪ Connects to a ________________ __________. duct collecting ● Collecting ducts o (One/Several) nephrons can connect to a single collecting duct. o Ultimately connect to a ______________, which carries urine to the ureter _____________. bladder ● Renal corpuscle o Consists of ________________ ________________ + ________________ Bowman's capsule glomerulus together.