University:
Liberty University
Course:
BIOM 500 | Introduction to Biomedical Sciences
Academic year:

2024
Views:

63

Pages:

10
Author:

Sheha A.

**Pressure Sore** **Definition:** A localized area of pressure damage to the skin, usually over a bony prominence. **Pathogenesis:** The pressure is applied over a bony prominence, which restricts blood flow to the area. This leads to tissue hypoxia. **Causes:** * **Immobility:** Patients who are bedridden or chair-bound for prolonged periods are at risk. * **Poor nutrition:** Malnutrition can impair tissue healing. * **Friction and shear:** Friction between the skin and surfaces like bed sheets or clothing can damage the skin. * **Moisture:** Excessive moisture can soften the skin and make it more susceptible to injury. * **Medical conditions:** Certain medical conditions, such as diabetes and circulatory disorders, can increase the risk of pressure sores. **Prevention:** * **Regular repositioning:** Changing the patient's position frequently to relieve pressure on bony prominences. * **Skin care:** Keeping the skin clean and dry to prevent skin breakdown. * **Adequate nutrition:** Ensuring the patient receives adequate nutrition to promote healing. * **Use of pressure-relieving devices:** Using special mattresses, cushions, and pillows to reduce pressure on bony prominences. * **Education:** Educating patients and caregivers about the importance of pressure sore prevention. **Moisture:** * Blistering can contact with constant moisture. * Prolonged pressure can lead to maceration of the skin. **Permeation of the skin:** * Due to corticosteroids, chemicals, irritants, acids, alkalis, multiple factors. **Blisters:** * Broken skin or a collection of fluid. * The content like serous, sanguineous, or serosanguinous. * Pain. **Classes of Pressure Ulcers:** **Class 1:** Non-Blanching Erythema **Class 2:** Partial Thickness Loss * Epidermis & Dermis * Superficial **Class 3:** Full Thickness Loss * Dermis, epidermis, & subcutaneous tissue * Deep crater **Class 4:** Deep Tissue Injury * Deep tissue damage extending through fascia to muscle, bone, or tendon. **Classes/Degrees of Pressure Sores** Based on: * Clinical manifestations * Depth of tissue involvement **First degree:** * Skin is red, inflamed, painful. * Non-blanching erythema. * Skin is intact. **Second degree:** * Partial thickness loss of skin. * Involves epidermis and dermis. * Shallow crater. **Third degree:** * Full thickness loss of skin. * Involves epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissues. * Deep crater. **Fourth degree:** * Deep tissue injury. * Deep tissue damage extending through fascia to muscle, bone, or tendon. * Involves extensive tissue damage and may involve exposed bone, tendon, or muscle. **Preventive measures:** * Frequent repositioning of the patient. * Use of special mattresses and cushions. * Good skin care. * Adequate nutrition and hydration. * Education of patients and caregivers.