University:
Liberty University
Course:
BIOM 500 | Introduction to Biomedical Sciences
Academic year:

2024
Views:

407

Pages:

7
Author:

Sheha A.

Diabetic Ketoacidosis: The ketone bodies are more acidic. So, increased level of keto acid formation is known as ketoacidosis. If not treated, the diabetic patient may engage in coma and die death mainly due to keto acids. Cataract: Hyperglycemia causes the formation of sorbitol from glucose and gets accumulated in the lens, causing cataract. Retinopathy: Glycosylation of retinal proteins and sorbitol formation causes retinopathy and then blindness. Nephropathy: The hyperglycemia also causes glycosylation of basement membrane protein of nephron, causing nephropathy. Neuropathy: Glycosylation of neural protein causes neuropathy. Chronic Recurrent Infection Due to increased glucose level in the blood, bacteria get good nutrition for multiplication, so diabetics may get chronic recurrent infections such as boils, abscesses, etc. Glucose Tolerance Test: The diagnosis of diabetes is also made on the basis of individual response to the oral glucose load. It is also known as oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Test Conditions: The person should take a carbohydrate-rich diet for at least 3 days prior to the test. All drugs that influence carbohydrate metabolism should be discontinued at least 2 days prior to the test. The subject is advised to avoid strenuous exercise on the previous day of the test and should be fasting at least 10 hours prior to the test. Test Procedure: During the GTT, the person should be comfortably seated and should refrain from smoking. GTT should be conducted preferably in the morning. A fasting blood sample is drawn, and urine is collected. The subject is given 75g glucose orally, dissolved in 200 ml of water to be drunk in about 5 minutes. Blood and urine samples are collected at 30 min intervals for at least 2 hours. All blood samples are subjected to glucose estimation and urine samples are qualitatively tested for glucose. Interpretation of GTT: The fasting blood glucose level in a healthy person is 70-100 mg/dl.