University:
Liberty University
Course:
BIOM 500 | Introduction to Biomedical Sciences
Academic year:

2024
Views:

388

Pages:

16
Author:

Sheha A.

Absorption of Carbohydrates The products of carbohydrate digestion are mainly glucose and a small amount of fructose and galactose molecules. Absorption of monosaccharides is a carrier-mediated process. Monosaccharides are absorbed from the intestinal lumen to the intestinal cell by 2 carrier-mediated mechanisms: Facilitated diffusion and Active diffusion. Diabetes Mellitus Deficiency of insulin causes diabetes mellitus. It may be due to insufficient insulin secretion or does not efficiently stimulate glucose uptake. As a result blood glucose level become so elevated that the glucose is excreted in the urine, providing the glucose in the urine as the convenient diagnostic test for the disease. Triacylglycerol hydrolysis, fatty acid oxidation, gluconeogenesis and ketones body formation are accelerated and keto acids which ketone body and they will blood become abnormally high and they will affect the buffering capacity of the blood, causing severe dehydration. Types These are 4 types of diabetes mellitus. Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (Juvenile-onset or insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus) This type of DM is first demonstrated in 1931 by Frederick Banting and Charles Best. It is mainly due to the lack of insulin or defective in functioning of beta cells of pancreas. This condition results in genetically susceptible individuals from autoimmune response that selectively destroys the beta-cells. Over 95% of presence with type 1 diabetes mellitus develop the disease before the age of 25 with an equal incident in both males and females. Type 1 diabetes mellitus Individual in this type develop acute complications such as ketoacidosis. Individual in this condition requires daily insulin injection to survive and follows strictly healthy habits. Periodic insulin injection may cause the reduction in their life span mainly due to degenerative complications such as kidney malfunction, nerve impairment and cardiovascular diseases. Type 2 diabetes mellitus This type of diabetes are most commonly due to persons of above 40 years hence it called as maturity onset of diabetes mellitus. This is characterized by insulin resistance in peripheral tissue and an insulin secretory defect. This is the most common type and is highly associated with a family history of diabetes, older age, obesity and a sedentary lifestyle. Gestational diabetes This is the condition in which previously normal women exhibits an abnormally high blood glucose level with pregnancy. Women with gestational diabetes may not always develop diabetes later in life.