University:
Liberty University
Course:
BIOM 500 | Introduction to Biomedical Sciences
Academic year:

2024
Views:

487

Pages:

5
Author:

Sheha A.

Entry of glucose into cells: Glucose enters into the cell by 2 mechanisms: Insulin dependent transport system: This mechanism requires insulin for their entry into the cells. This occurs in muscle and adipose tissues. Insulin independent transport system: This mechanism does not require insulin for their entry into the cells. This occurs in liver, RBCs and brain tissues. Metabolism of glucose Glycolysis Glucose is metabolized to pyruvate or lactate by the pathway called glycolysis. Lactate is the end product in anaerobic glycolysis and pyruvate is the end product in aerobic glycolysis, which is then converted to acetyl CoA. Citric Acid Cycle: Acetyl CoA enters citric acid cycle for complete oxidation to CO2 and H2O. Glycogenesis: Excess of glucose is converted to glycogen by glycogenesis. Glycogenolysis: When glucose is required (i.e. dietary glucose is exhausted) glycogen is broken down to glucose by glycogenolysis. Gluconeogenesis: It is the process by which glucose is produced from non-carbohydrate sources like lactate, glycerol and glucogenic amino acids. Pentose Phosphate Pathway Glucose also can enter pentose phosphate pathway which is alternative pathway for the oxidation of glucose. Minor Pathways Glucose can also enter minor pathways like uronic acid pathway, lactose synthesis, sorbitol pathway etc.