University:
Liberty University
Course:
BIOM 500 | Introduction to Biomedical Sciences
Academic year:

2024
Views:

267

Pages:

5
Author:

Sheha A.

Hormonal Regulation of Glucose: Normal fasting blood glucose level is 70-120 mg/dl The level above this is termed as hyperglycemia and the level below this is termed as hypoglycemia. Blood glucose levels are controlled by many hormones. These hormones are of 2 types: Hypoglycemia hormones: These are hormones which decrease the blood glucose level. E.g.: Insulin Hyperglycemia hormones: These are hormones which increase the blood glucose level. E.g.: Glucagon, Adrenaline, glucocorticoids, growth hormones, and thyroid hormones. Insulin: It is a hypoglycemia hormone. It is secreted by beta cells of islets of Langerhans of pancreas. Hyperglycemia is the stimulation of insulin secretion. 1. Action of Insulin Increases the uptake of glucose by muscle and adipose tissue. Increases glycolysis. Increases glycogen synthesis. Increases the HMP shunt pathway. Inhibits gluconeogenesis. Inhibits glycogenolysis. Increases lipogenesis (synthesis of fat from glucose). 2. Glucagon It is the major hyperglycemic hormone. It is secreted by alpha cells of islets of Langerhans of pancreas. Hypoglycemia is the stimulant for glucagon secretion. 1. Growth hormones Growth hormone is a hyperglycemic hormone. It is secreted by anterior pituitary. Action: It increases the blood glucose level by: Decreasing the uptake of glucose by muscle tissue. It decreases glycolysis. It mobilizes fatty acids from adipose tissue into blood which inhibits glucose utilization. 2. Thyroid hormone: Thyroid hormones are secreted from the thyroid gland. Action: Thyroid hormones increase the blood glucose level by increasing the metabolism of carbohydrates.