University:
Liberty University
Course:
BIOM 500 | Introduction to Biomedical Sciences
Academic year:

2024
Views:

353

Pages:

7
Author:

Sheha A.

Hormonal Regulation of Glucose Normal fasting blood glucose level is 70-120 mg/dl. The level above this is termed as hyperglycemia and the level below this is termed as hypoglycemia. Blood glucose levels are controlled by many hormones. These hormones are of 2 types: Hypoglycemia hormones: These are hormones which decrease the blood glucose level. E.g.: Insulin Hyperglycemia hormones: These are hormones which increase the blood glucose level. E.g.: Glucagon, Adrenaline, Glucocorticoids, Growth hormones, and Thyroid hormones. Insulin: It is a hypoglycemic hormone. It is secreted by beta-cells of islets of Langerhans of pancreas. Hyperglycemia is the stimulation for insulin secretion. Increases the uptake of glucose by muscle and adipose tissue. Increases glycolysis. Increases glycogen synthesis. Increases the HMP shunt pathway. Inhibits gluconeogenesis. Inhibits glycogenolysis. Increases lipogenesis (synthesis of fat from glucose). 1. Increases the uptake of glucose by muscle and adipose tissue. 2. Increases glycolysis. 3. Increases glycogen synthesis. 4. Increases the HMP shunt pathway. 5. Inhibits gluconeogenesis. 6. Inhibits glycogenolysis. 7. Increases lipogenesis (synthesis of fat from glucose). 2. Glucagon It is the major hyperglycemic hormone. It is secreted by alpha cells of islets of Langerhans of pancreas. Hypoglycemia is the stimulant for glucagon secretion. Action: Increases the blood glucose level Increases glycogenolysis Increases gluconeogenesis 4. Cortisol It is a hyperglycemic hormone. It is secreted by adrenal cortex. It increases the blood glucose level. Increasing gluconeogenesis Increasing glycogenolysis Decreasing glycolysis Inhibits the insulin secretion 5. Growth Hormone It is a hyperglycemic hormone. It is secreted by anterior pituitary. It increases the blood glucose level. Decreasing the uptake of glucose by muscle and adipose tissue. It decreases glycolysis. It mobilizes fatty acids from adipose tissue which inhibits glucose utilization. It increases gluconeogenesis.