University:
Liberty University
Course:
BIOM 500 | Introduction to Biomedical Sciences
Academic year:

2024
Views:

91

Pages:

5
Author:

Sheha A.

Lactose Intolerance Lactose decreased renal threshold in pregnancy The glucose level is raised in urine of pregnancy women It is due to disappearance of the lactase activity of the intestinal epithelium. Lactase is present in brush board of enterocyte, this enzyme hydrolyzes lactose to glucose and galactose. 3 types of lactose intolerance: Congenital lactose deficiency - Rare, seen in infants. Primary lactose intolerance - Most common, in adults. Secondary low lactose activity - Due to intestinal diseases like gastrointestinal space, coeliac disease, etc. where lactase production is decreased. Clinical Manifestations Osmotic diarrhea Lactose is not digested due to lactase defect. It accumulates in the intestine. Lactose take up: Lactose takes up water into the bowel by osmotic effects and then will be altered with watery bleeding and osmotic diarrhea. 2. Bacterial: Unmetabolized lactose is acted upon by intestinal bacteria which leads to abdominal cramps, flatulence and diarrhea. These manifestations together are called lactose intolerance. 3. Lactase: Lactase also appears in urine; condition is called lacturia. 4. Treatment: Elimination of milk and milk products from diet. Milk products like yogurt and cheese are pre-digested and contain a lesser amount of lactose. Sucrase Deficiency: Sucrase deficiency - the deficiency of sucrase enzyme causes intolerance to sucrose. This deficiency is generally seen in Eskimos. Clinical manifestations are similar to lactose intolerance. 5. Galactosemia: A high level of galactose in blood is known as galactosemia. It is due to mutation in a gene that affects galactose metabolism. It mainly damages the lens of the eye, causing cataract. This condition is mainly seen in infants, causing vomiting, failure to gain weight (failure to thrive), cataracts, liver damage, and abnormal bleeding. Affected children have delayed speech development, feeding difficulties, and intellectual disability. 6. Glycogen Storage Diseases: This inherited genetic defect related to the glycogen metabolism are known as glycogen storage diseases (GSD). These genetic diseases are characterized by deposition of abnormal type or abnormal quantity of glycogen in the tissues.