University:
Liberty University
Course:
BIOM 500 | Introduction to Biomedical Sciences
Academic year:

2024
Views:

495

Pages:

6
Author:

Sheha A.

Classification of Carbohydrates: Carbohydrates can be classified into 4 classes based on the number of monomeric units. Monosaccharides: (made up of a single monosaccharide unit) Disaccharides: (made up of 2 monosaccharide units) Oligosaccharides: (made up of 3 to 10 monosaccharide units) Polysaccharides: (made up of more than 10 monosaccharide units) Monosaccharides: These are the simplest form of carbohydrates. These cannot be further hydrolyzed to smaller units. The empirical formula of monosaccharide is Cn(H2O)n. They are further classified: Based on the functional group (aldehyde or ketone) present Monosaccharides are categorized into aldoses or ketoses based on whether aldehyde or ketone group is present. Aldoses: Monosaccharides containing aldehyde group (-CHO) are called aldoses. Eg: Glucose, Galactose, Ribose etc. Ketoses: Monosaccharides containing keto group (C=O) are called ketoses. Eg: Fructose, Ribulose, Xylulose etc. Based on the number of carbon atoms present: Trioses (3 carbon) eg: Glyceraldehyde, dihydroxyacetone Tetroses (4 carbon) eg: Erythrose, Erythrulose Pentoses (5 carbon) eg: Ribose, Xylulose, Ribulose Hexoses (6 carbon) eg: Glucose, Fructose, Galactose, Mannose Heptoses (7 carbon) eg: Aldoheptose, Sedoheptulose II. Disaccharides: Disaccharides contain 2 monosaccharide units bonded by glycosidic bonds. Sucrose: Made up of one molecule of glucose and one molecule of fructose. Maltose: Made up of two molecules of glucose. Lactose: Made up of one molecule of glucose and one molecule of galactose. Trehalose, Isomaltose, and Cellobiose are some of the others. III. Oligosaccharides: Oligosaccharides contain 3 to 10 monosaccharide units bonded by glycosidic bonds. Maltotriose (Trisaccharide) Raffinose (Trisaccharide) Stachyose (Tetrasaccharide) Verbascose (Pentasaccharide) Oligosaccharides present in cell membranes and blood group antigens are also oligosaccharides. IV. Polysaccharides: Polysaccharides contain more than 10 monosaccharide units bonded by glycosidic bonds.