University:
Liberty University
Course:
BIOM 500 | Introduction to Biomedical Sciences
Academic year:

2024
Views:

290

Pages:

5
Author:

Sheha A.

Disorders of Carbohydrates 1. Lactose Intolerance: It is due to disappearance of the lactase activity of the intestinal epithelial cells. Lactase is present in brush borders of intestine. This enzyme hydrolyzes lactose into glucose and galactose. Types of lactose intolerance: (i) Congenital lactose deficiency - Rare, seen in infants. (ii) Primary low lactase activity - most common, manifests in adults. (iii) Secondary low lactase activity - due to intestinal diseases like gastroenteritis, celiac disease. Here lactase production is decreased. Clinical Manifestations: Osmotic Diarrhea: Lactose is not digested due to lactase deficiency. It accumulates in the intestine. Lactose draws water into the lumen by osmotic effect and the bowel will be filled with water leading to osmotic diarrhea. Flatulence: Accumulated lactose is acted upon by Aerobic Glycolysis Steps: Hexokinase/Glucokinase Source: - No ATP formed Phosphofructokinase Source: - ATP Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase Source: NADH 6 ATP (3*2 ATP) Phosphoglycerate kinase Source: ATP 2 ATP