University:
Liberty University
Course:
BIOM 500 | Introduction to Biomedical Sciences
Academic year:

2024
Views:

377

Pages:

6
Author:

Sheha A.

Disorders of Carbohydrates Lactose Intolerance It is due to the absence or decrease of the activity of the intestinal enzyme lactase. Lactose is present in both human and animal milk. This enzyme helps to digest lactose into glucose and galactose. 3 types of lactose intolerance exists: Congenital Lactase Deficiency - rare Primary adult lactose intolerance - most common Secondary lactose intolerance - occurs due to diseases like gastroenteritis, celiac disease, Crohn's disease (lactose malabsorption) Clinical Manifestations Osmotic Diarrhea Lactose is not digested, draws water into the intestine. As a result, it leads to loose, watery stools. The osmotic effect, drawing water, will be filled with water, causing the osmolality to increase. Flatulence Undigested lactose is broken down by intestinal bacteria, which leads to gas production. This leads to cramps, flatulence, and abdominal bloating. Lactose Intolerance Lactose intolerance is expressed in the clinical presentation. Elimination of milk products shows rapid improvement. Lactose-free milk, Lactase enzyme supplements (drops, tablets, or capsules) are available. Other protein sources can be substituted for milk. Secondary Lactose Intolerance The deficiency of lactase enzyme is due to the disease process. Specific diseases like gastroenteritis, celiac disease, Crohn’s disease, etc., can cause secondary lactose intolerance. 3. Galactosemia * A high level of galactose in blood is known as galactosemia. * It is a genetic disorder. * It affects the conversion of galactose into glucose. * It is involved in the breakdown of lactose. **Symptoms:** * High levels of galactose in the blood * This condition is known as classic galactosemia in infants * Cataracts, liver damage, and brain damage * Failure to gain weight, seizures, and eventual development of intellectual disability **Skin and hair color of galactosemic individuals is lighter** * Cataracts, liver damage, and brain damage * Development delays, loss of speech, difficulties, and intellectual disabilities