University:
Liberty University
Course:
BIOM 500 | Introduction to Biomedical Sciences
Academic year:

2024
Views:

246

Pages:

5
Author:

Sheha A.

**Energy Production of Beta Oxidation** * **Example:** Palmitic acid (16 carbons) undergoes beta-oxidation. * Palmitic acid undergoes 7 cycles of beta-oxidation. * Each cycle produces 1 molecule of acetyl-CoA, 1 FADH2, and 1 NADH. * The overall reaction can be written as: Palmitic acid + 7 FAD + 7 NAD+ + 7 H2O -> 8 acetyl-CoA + 7 FADH2 + 7 NADH + 7 H+ * Each molecule of FADH2 and NADH produces 2 and 3 ATP molecules, respectively, through oxidative phosphorylation. * Thus, a total of 108 ATP molecules are produced in 7 cycles of beta-oxidation. * In addition, 8 molecules of acetyl-CoA enter the citric acid cycle, producing 12 ATP molecules each. * This gives a total of 96 ATP molecules from the 8 acetyl-CoA molecules. * Taking into account the 2 ATP used in the activation of fatty acids, the net yield of ATP from the complete beta-oxidation of palmitic acid is 108 + 96 - 2 = 202 ATP molecules. **Energy Production of Beta-Oxidation** Each molecule of palmitate is 129 ATP. **Energy Production of Beta-Oxidation:** 1. **Beta-oxidation of even-chain fatty acids:** * One cycle of beta-oxidation yields one acetyl-CoA, one FADH2, and one NADH. * Beta-oxidation of a 16-carbon fatty acid (palmitic acid) yields 8 acetyl-CoA molecules. 2. **Beta-oxidation of odd-chain fatty acids:** * The final product of beta-oxidation of odd-chain fatty acids is propionyl-CoA, which is converted to succinyl-CoA, entering the citric acid cycle. **This propionyl-CoA can be converted to succinyl-CoA, which is a part of the citric acid cycle.** **Function of Beta-Oxidation:** 1. **Provision of energy:** Beta-oxidation is a major pathway for the oxidation of fatty acids, providing energy for cellular processes. 2. **Ketone Body Formation:** Under certain conditions, acetyl-CoA from beta-oxidation can be used to produce ketone bodies, which can serve as an alternative energy source for the brain and other tissues. **Beta-oxidation is regulated by:** * **Hormones:** Hormones like glucagon, epinephrine, and norepinephrine stimulate beta-oxidation, while insulin inhibits it. * **Cellular energy status:** The energy charge of the cell influences the rate of beta-oxidation. * **Availability of fatty acids:** The availability of fatty acids in the cell also affects the rate of beta-oxidation.