University:
Liberty University
Course:
BIOM 500 | Introduction to Biomedical Sciences
Academic year:

2024
Views:

224

Pages:

5
Author:

Sheha A.

**Net Product in Glycolysis** * 10 steps in glycolysis that splits one glucose molecule into 2 pyruvate molecules and 2 NADH molecules. * NADH, when enters into the electron transport chain, leads to the production of 2.5 ATP molecules. * Total ATP production is 2 + 2 x 2.5 = 7 ATP per glucose molecule. * Overall reaction can be written as: Glucose + 2 Pi + 2 ADP + 2 NAD+ → 2 Pyruvate + 2 ATP + 2 NADH + 2 H+ + 2 H₂O **Glycolysis** **Stage 1: Energy Investment Phase** 1. **Glucose + ATP → Glucose-6-phosphate + ADP** Enzyme: Hexokinase 2. **Glucose-6-phosphate → Fructose-6-phosphate** Enzyme: Phosphoglucoisomerase 3. **Fructose-6-phosphate + ATP → Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate + ADP** Enzyme: Phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1) **Stage 2: Energy Payoff Phase** 4. **Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate → Dihydroxyacetone phosphate + Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate** Enzyme: Aldolase 5. **Dihydroxyacetone phosphate ⇌ Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate** Enzyme: Triose phosphate isomerase 6. **Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + Pi + NAD+ → 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate + NADH + H+** Enzyme: Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase 7. **1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate + ADP → 3-Phosphoglycerate + ATP** Enzyme: Phosphoglycerate kinase 8. **3-Phosphoglycerate → 2-Phosphoglycerate** Enzyme: Phosphoglycerate mutase 9. **2-Phosphoglycerate → Phosphoenolpyruvate + H₂O** Enzyme: Enolase 10. **Phosphoenolpyruvate + ADP → Pyruvate + ATP** Enzyme: Pyruvate kinase