University:
Lincoln University
Course:
NUR301 | Fundamental of Nursing
Academic year:

2024
Views:

109

Pages:

2
Author:

Bobby E.

Concept of Nutritional Needs Essentials Nutrient Energy-providing nutrients: carbohydrates, fat and protein. Digestion The main digestive enzymes: ptyalin (salivary amylase), pancreatic amylase, disaccharides, maltase, Sucrase, lactase. Carbohydrate metabolism  The body breaks down carbohydrates ÿ glucose ÿ circulating in the blood.  Benefits of glucose in the blood for: Maintaining blood glucose levels, provides an energy source that is ready to be used, released as energy or stored. Protein Metabolism • Anabolism: all body cells that synthesize protein from amino acids. • Catabolism: Excessive amino acids are broken down into energy or conversion become fat. • Nitrogen Balance: comparison of the rates of protein anabolism and catabolism, which is the net result of nitrogen intake and output. Nitrogen intake = output nitrogen = nitrogen balance. Energy Balance • Energy balance: the relationship between energy derived from food and energy used by the body. • A person's energy balance is determined by comparing energy intake with the direction of energy. • Body Weight & Body Mass Standards Ideal body weight (IBW, ideal body weight): the optimum body weight recommended for optimal health. • Body mass index (BMI): an indicator of changes in body fat stores and whether a person's weight corresponds to their height and can be used to estimate malnutrition. • BMI= Weight in kilograms (Height in meters) 2=> rank 2 • Measure the height in meters. • Measure weight in kg. • BMI evaluation guide: • < 16 = malnutrition • 19-16 = underweight • 20-25 = Normal • 26-30 = overweight • 31- 40 = Moderate to severe obesity • > 40 = morbidly obese • For example BMI • NY R BB= 60 kg and height 150 cm, what is your BMI? • Answer: • TB= 150 cm = 150 : 100 = 1.5 m. • BMI= 60 = 26.6 (overweight • 1.5 x 1.5 Nutrient needs according to development stage 1. Infancy (neonate – 1 year old) => filled with breast milk or formula milk and additional solid food. Eat/drink when hungry/thirsty 2. Toddler period (1-3 years) => eat most of the food available in portions 3 times a day. 3. Pre-school period => eating adult food and needing to eat between meals Eat. 4. School age => need 2,400 kcal/day, need food high in protein. 5. Adolescence => need protein, calcium, vitamin D, iron, vitamin B 6. Young adulthood => need calcium and vitamin D (maintains health bones & reduces the risk of osteoporosis). 7. Medium/mature adulthood => 4 healthy 5 perfect plus protein, calcium and limit cholesterol intake. 8. Old age => fewer calorie foods due to faster metabolism reduced and decreased physical activity. Problems Due to Nutritional Disorders 1. Transport: vomiting, dumping syndrome (weakness, nausea, cramps, diarrhea, increased acidity stomach), gallstones (obstruction, cholesterol, diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, jaundice), achalasia (cardiac sphincter unable to open) 2. Injury: peptic ulcer (stomach injury), inflammation of the colon, gastritis 3. Digestive: lactase intolerance, DM, fat malabsorption, diarrhea, constipation, bloating.