Enhancing Mobility: ROM Exercises Overview

ROM exercises Range of motion (ROM) exercises are exercises carried out to maintain or improve the level of perfection of the ability to move joints normally and completely to increase muscle mass and muscle tone and as a basis for determining the presence of abnormalities or to state the limits of abnormal joint movements. ROM Type 1. Passive ROM Passive ROM exercises are ROM exercises that the patient does with the help of a nurse for every movement. Indications for passive exercise are semicomatous and unconscious patients, patients with limited mobility who are unable to perform some or all range of motion exercises independently, patients on total bed rest or patients with total extremity paralysis. This passive range of motion is useful for maintaining the flexibility of muscles and joints by passively moving other people's muscles, for example a nurse lifting and moving a patient's legs. 2. Active ROM Active ROM exercises are where nurses provide motivation and guide clients in carrying out joint movements independently in accordance with normal joint range of motion. This matterto train flexibility and strength of muscles and joints by using the muscles actively ROM purpose : 1. Maintain or maintain muscle strength 2. Maintain joint mobility 3. Stimulates blood circulation 4. Prevent deformities Basic Principles of ROM Exercise : 1. ROM must be repeated about 8 times and done at least 2 times a day 2. ROM is done slowly and carefully so as not to tire the patient 3. When planning a ROM exercise program, pay attention to the patient's age, diagnosis, vital signs and length of bed rest. 4. The parts of the body that can do ROM exercises are the neck, fingers, arms, elbows, shoulders, heels, feet and ankles. 5. ROM can be performed on all joints or only on parts that are suspected of experiencing a disease process. 6. Carrying out ROM must be done on time. For example, after bathing or routine maintenance has been carried out. Benefits of ROM : 1. Increase joint mobilization 2. Improve muscle tolerance for exercise 3. Increase muscle mass 4. Reduces bone loss 5. Determine the value of the ability of bone and muscle joints to carry out movement 6. Assess joints and muscles 7. Prevent joint stiffness 8. Improves blood circulation. 9. Improves muscle tone ROM movement motion : 1. Neck, spine, cervical Flexion: Move the chin towards the chest, range 45° Extension: Return the head to an upright position, range 45° Hyperextension: Bend the head backwards as far as possible, range 40-45° Lateral flexion: Tilting the head as far as possible towards the headeach shoulder, range 4045° Rotation: Rotate the head as far as possible in a circular motion, range 180°. Repeat the movement in a row 4 times. 2. Shoulders Flexion: Raise the arm from a position at the side of the body forward to a position above the head, a range of 180° Extension: Return the arm to a position at the side of the body, 180° range Hyperextension: Move the arm behind the body, elbow remains straight, range 45-60° Abduction: Raise the arm to a side position above the head with the palm away from the head, range 180° Adduction: Lower the arms to the sides and cross the body as far as possible, 320° range Internal rotation: With elbows in flexion, rotate shoulders by moving arms until thumbs face inward and backward, 90° range External rotation: With the elbow flexed, move the arm until the thumb is up and to the side of the head, a range of 90° Circumduction: Moving the arm in a full circle, 360° Repeat the movement in a row 4 times. 3. Elbow Flexion: Move the elbow so that the shoulder arm moves in front of the shoulder joint and the hand is parallel to the shoulder, range 150° Extension: Straighten the elbow by lowering the hand, range 150° 4. Forearms Supination: Rotate the forearm and hand so that the palm faces up, range 70-90° Pronation: Rotating the forearm so that the palm faces down, range 70-90° Repeat the movement in a row 4 times. 5. Wrist Flexion: Move the palm to the inside of the forearm, range 80-90° Extension: Moving the fingers so that the fingers, hand, forearm are in the same direction, range 80-90° Hyperextension: Bringing the dorsal surface of the hand backwards as far as possible, range 89-90° Abduction: Bend the wrist at an angle towards the thumb, 30° range Adduction: Bend the wrist at an angle towards the five fingers, range 30-50° Repeat the movement in a row 4 times. 6. Fingers Flexion: Make a grip, range 90° Extension: Straighten the fingers, range 90° Hyperextension: Move the fingers backwards as far as possible, range 30-60° Abduction: Stretching the fingers of one hand towards the other, a range of 30° Adduction: Bring the fingers together again, range 30°. Repeat the movement in a row 4 times. 7. Thumb Flexion: Move the thumb across the surface of the palm, 90° Extension: move the thumb straight away from the hand, a range of 90° Abduction: Moving the thumb to the side, 30° range Adduction: Moving the thumb to the front of the hand, 30° range Opposition: Touching the thumb to each finger on the same hand Repeat the movement in a row 4 times. 8. Hips Flexion: Moving the leg forward and up, range 90-120° Extension: Moving the other leg back to the side, range 90-120° Hyperextension: Moving the leg behind the body, range 30-50° Abduction: Moving the leg sideways away from the body, range 30-50° Adduction: Moving the leg back to a medium position and beyond if possible, the 30-50° range Internal rotation: Turning the foot and leg towards the other leg, 90° range External rotation: Turning the foot and leg away from the other leg, 90° range Circumduction: Moving the limbs in a circle. Repeat the movement in a row 4 times. 9. Knees Flexion: Move the heel towards the back of the thigh, range 120-130° Extension: Return the leg to the floor, range 120-130° Repeat the movement in a row 4 times. 10. Ankles Dorsiflexion: Moving the foot so that the toes bend upwards, range 20-30° Flantarflexion: Moving the foot so that the toes bend downwards, range 45-50° Repeat the movement in a row 4 times.