Biology Terminology Lecture 11 Notes

University:
Lindsey Wilson College
Course:
BIOL 1103 | Principles of Biology
Academic year:

2022
Views:

23

Pages:

2
Author:

Richard Mitchell

Lecture 11 Gene expression the process by which DNA directs protein synthesis, includes two stages: transcription (making mRNA) and translation (making proteins) Phenotype the physical appearance of a plant or animal because of its genetic makeup (genotype) Genotype genetic constitution (makeup) of an individual Transcription is the synthesis of RNA under the direction of DNA Translation is the synthesis of a polypeptide by ribosomes, which occurs under the direction of mRNA Triplet code (codon) 3 bases correspond to an amino acid! template strand provides a template for ordering the sequence of nucleotides in the RNA transcript codons the mRNA base triplets, read in the 5′ to 3′ direction translation machinery Codons along an mRNA molecule are read by in the 5′ to 3′ direction promoter The DNA sequence where RNA polymerase attaches terminator the sequence signaling the end of transcription introns These noncoding regions are called intervening sequences or introns exons The other regions are called exons RNA splicing removes introns and joins exons, creating an mRNA molecule with a continuous coding sequence Spliceosomes consist of a variety of proteins and several small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs) that recognize the splice sites Ribozymes are catalytic RNA molecules that function as enzymes and can splice RNA