Biology Terminology Lecture 14 Notes

University:
Lindsey Wilson College
Course:
BIOL 1103 | Principles of Biology
Academic year:

2022
Views:

26

Pages:

1
Author:

Richard Mitchell

Lecture 14 Chitin polymer of glucosamine peptidoglycan a network of sugar polymers crosslinked by polypeptides capsule A polysaccharide or protein layer covers many prokaryotes taxis the ability to move toward or away from certain stimuli plasmids Bacteria have smaller rings of DNA called plasmids Binary fission or prokaryotic fission is the form of asexual reproduction and cell division used by all prokaryotes, some protozoa, and some organelles within eukaryotic organisms transformation prokaryotic cell can take up and incorporate foreign DNA from the surrounding environment Transduction is the movement of genes between bacteria by bacteriophages (viruses that infect bacteria) extremophiles Some archaea live in extreme environments and are called extremophiles Extreme halophiles live in highly saline environments Extreme thermophiles thrive in very hot environments Methanogens live in swamps and marshes and produce methane as a waste product Exotoxins cause disease even if the prokaryotes that produce them are not present (cholerae toxin) Endotoxins are released only when bacteria die and their cell walls break down like in Salmonella poisoning