University:
MacEwan University
Course:
HEED 110 | Introduction to Personal Health and Well-Being
Academic year:

2023
Views:

103

Pages:

1
Author:

Arthur M.

Chapter 22 The Kidneys and Nephron Function Kidney Disease Filters waste products from the blood Regulates the body's fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance Excretes metabolic waste products in urine and conserves essential substances Stores urine, produces erythropoietin, converts vitamin D to active form Acute Kidney Injury Kidney function deteriorates rapidly, over hours or days TABLE 22-2 Causes of Acute Kidney Injury Prerenal factors (25 to 40% of cases): Loss fluid volume, hypotension Reduced cardiac output Renal artery disorders Intrarenal factors (25 to 50% of cases): Acute tubular necrosis Glomerulonephritis Interstitial nephritis Vascular disease Acute renal failure Postrenal factors (5 to 10% of cases): Obstructions (ureter or bladder) Prostate disorders Renal calculi Bladder cancer Pregnancy Consequences of Acute Kidney Injury Electrolyte imbalances Acid-base imbalances Fluid overload/dehydration Retention of metabolic wastes Anemia Bone disease Composition of Urine Water Urea, uric acid, creatinine Electrolytes (sodium, potassium, chloride) Hydrogen and bicarbonate ions Medications Blood cells Proteins Treatment of Acute Kidney Injury Energy and protein Sufficient fluids but restrict intake Drugs and waste may build up Uremia syndrome: star of disorders caused by impairments of multiple body systems (20-35 g N wasting) Treatment of Acute Kidney Injury Drug therapies, dialysis, nutrition therapy Correct fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base imbalances Minimize the build-up of waste products Highly individualized Oliguric patients may experience diuresis during recovery Nephrotoxic drugs must be suspended until kidney function improves Drug Treatment of Acute Kidney Injury Drugs prescribed depend on underlying complications Immunosuppressants: inflammatory conditions Diuretics: edema Potassium-exchange resins and possibly insulin: hyperkalemia Phosphate binders: prevent hyperphosphatemia