Insects Chapter 8 Homework

Chapter 8 homework questions 1. Which group of organisms contributes the most species to global biodiversity? - Insects 2. Species richness is the __________. - Number of species in an area 3. Biodiversity is the diversity of life at what level(s) of biological organization? - Genetic, species, and ecosystem levels 4. Why can many different species coexist and thrive in areas close to the equator? - Stable equatorial climatic conditions discourage any one species from dominating the ecosystem and encourage biodiversity. 5. The development of pharmaceutical products has been __________. - Aided by the protection of ecosystem diversity 6. Which one of the following is an ecosystem service? - Purification of water 7. Pharmaceuticals produced from wild species generate up to $150 billion in sales and save many lives each year. This is an example of __________. - Ecosystem services 8. Which of the following types of species would be most vulnerable to overharvesting by people? - Elephants 9. __________ is the gradual piecemeal degradation of an area by such activities as logging and road building. - Habitat fragmentation 10. At the end of the __________ period, close to 90% of all species are thought to have gone extinct. - Permian 11. If a conservation biologist wanted to try to stop the largest cause of species extinction, what should he or she focus on? - Habitat destruction 12. The sixth mass extinction event __________. - Is ongoing and has been caused by human disturbance 13. Which of the following is an example of the single greatest cause of species extinction? - Habitat fragmentation caused by building a road through a forest 14. In captive breeding programs, organisms are bred with the intent to __________. - Release them to the wild 15. Which of the following best describes a biodiversity "hotspot"? - A hotspot is a region where species diversity is high but threatened by habitat loss 16. Conservation biology is different from other fields of science discussed in the book because __________. - It is an applied and goal-oriented science, with implicit values and ethical standards 17. CITES (the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) tries to prevent the extinction of species by __________. - Asking countries to stop the international trade of body parts of endangered species 18. How is community-based conservation different from more traditional approaches to conservation? - In community-based conservation, local people are involved with protecting the habitat of endangered species, allowing them to still gain benefit from its resources 19. Which of the following statements about cloning organisms is true? - Producing cloned animals and keeping them in zoos does not increase biodiversity of the species 20. Which of the following organisms is the focus of a major captive breeding program? - California condor 21. Part A: The researchers bought samples of whale meat—all labeled simply as kujira, the generic Japanese term for whale meat—from markets in Japan and sequenced DNA from these samples. They compared their data with sequences from known whale species. Because subspecies of whales from different populations differ genetically, the researchers were able to analyze the genetic variation in their samples and learn the location from which the whales were likely captured. These results would indicate if illegal whale meat was being sold. Drag each statement under the step in the scientific method that it demonstrates. - Observation: The availability of whale meat in Japanese markets exceeds that expected from the reported legal captures of whales. Question: Where is the whale meat being sold in Japanese markets coming from? Hypothesis: Whales are being harvested illegally and their meat sold in markets in Japan. Prediction: If whales are being illegally harvested, reported whale captures will be far lower than the number of captures predicted by genetic analyses of whale meat in markets. Test: Scientists subject whale meat to genetic analysis to determine its likely capture location and to estimate whale captures at that location. Result: The team gathered data and analyzed their results. Part B: As part of their study, Baker and his team examined minke whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) meat in Japanese markets. They sequenced each sample’s DNA and then identified the genetic type of each minke sample—in this case, type A, B, C, or D. Because the genetic types of minke whales vary by location, - - - the researchers could determine if the meat came from minke populations in the Sea of Japan or from minke populations in the Pacific Ocean. Their results, shown below, were compared to records of legal whale catches to determine if such catches had been underreported. Based on the results, drag the terms on the left to the appropriate blanks on the right to complete the sentences. Genetic type D is most prevalent in minke whales in the Sea of Japan. Genetic type B is most prevalent in minke whales in the Pacific Ocean. Genetic type B is most prevalent in meat from minke whales in Japanese markets. The high prevalence of genetic types A and D in whale meat from Japanese markets suggests some of these whales came from the Sea of Japan. The high prevalence of genetic type B in whale meat from Japanese markets suggests some of these whales came from the Pacific Ocean. Part C: Suppose you wish to use this process to examine the origins of meat from endangered humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) in Japanese markets. You conduct the analysis and compare the genetic types found in the markets with those found in populations of humpback whales from the northern Pacific that overwinter off Japan (Location 1), near Hawaii (Location 2), or off the western coast of Central America (Location 3). Your results are shown below. Based on your results, drag the terms on the left to the appropriate blanks on the right to complete the sentences. Genetic type G is found only in Location 1. Genetic type D is most prevalent in humpback whales in Locations 1 and 3. Genetic type A is most prevalent in humpback whales in Location 2. Analysis of meat samples from Japanese markets finds that most of the whales were likely captured from Location 2. The meat samples from Japanese markets also showed evidence of whales captured from a second site, Location 1. Part D: Which of the following results from Japanese markets would indicate that the Japanese fishing vessels off the coast of Japan (Location 1) have indeed reduced bycatch of humpback whales? (Refer back to the map in Part C to review which genetic types are found in the humpback whale population in Location 1. Before conservation effort: A, G, B, C. After conservation: A largest with B,C,G the same (smallest). Since genetic type G is found only in whales off Japan (Location 1), a lower percentage of genetic type G in Japanese markets would indicate that fewer whales were being captured from Location 1 and therefore that the conservation strategy is working. 22. The IUCN's Red List is ________. - An updated list of species facing unusually high risk of extinction 23. The greatest cause of the worldwide loss of species is ________. - Habitat destruction 24. The loss of a particular population from a given area (but not the entire species globally) is called ________. - Extirpation 25. Contrary to popular belief, the Endangered Species Act allows ________. - Landowners to harm a protected species in one area if they improve habitat for it elsewhere 26. Which of the following activities would violate CITES? - Your friend brings back an ivory chess set that he bought while on safari in Lesotho 27. Endemic species are ________. - Limited to just one location, such as an island