Virus Testing Study Resources

Virus Testing Introduction Diagnosis of diseasesepidemiological caused by viruses begins with the history of cases intesting the field. Field diagnosis includes: data, reports on clinical symptoms.Virus is carried out in a virus laboratory which includes various tests such as serology-immunology, molecular, culture and microscopic testing. Virus examination, especially in establishing diagnostics, requires goodsuch communication between laboratory staffof the andspecimen the subject requesting the examination, as a doctor, and depends on the quality and the information provided tobecause the laboratory.Choosing the right method for laboratory confirmation is veryat important it will relate to the stage of the disease. Serological tests use samples taken precise intervals, and often virus isolation orofantigen detection needs to betests donearewhen a new epidemic or pandemic occurs, asin the case Sars-Cov when serological less useful, and when the same clinical symptoms canvarious be caused by various agents for example, pneumonia (non-bacterial) which can be caused by viruses and other agents. Diagnostic methods based on nucleic acid amplification have largely replaced several examination methods, but not all of them can be replaced because until now the gold standard method for examining viruses istimes viralofculture. However, because virus culture has several weaknesses, such asto long isolation days, and requires quite expensive facilities, various tests have begun be developed that can help in establishing precise, fast, efficient and accurate diagnostics .Apart from accuracy in selecting the method, the quality of the samples to be examined is also very important. So it is necessary to pay attention to how samples are taken, collected and when they are collected. The specimens to be examined inbefore the virus examination willviral be culture presented in table 10.1. The specimen itself has storage stability being examined. In specimens can beviruses. stored for 24is hours in the24refrigerator, except for respiratory syncytial virus and several other If it more than hours then storage must be carried out at a temperature of 600 or more. However, please note that not all specimens can be frozen, including whole blood where plasma or serum will be usedfirstforbefore antibody testing. Therefore, the serum or plasma that will be used should be separated being frozen, while tissue from organ and cell cultures must be stored at 40C and immediately taken to the laboratory for examination . The way to diagnose viral diseases is diseases to determine thesame typeasofthe viraldiagnosis disease inof humans and anmals.only In principle, the diagnosis of viral is the bacterial diseases, the method of implementation is more detailed andcancomplicated and the examination costs are more expensive. The diagnosis of viral disease be made by analyzing typical clinical symptoms and laboratory diagnosis. Clinical Symptoms The characteristic symptoms that ariseclinical can help diagnoseSome a disease causedof by a virus,caused but the majority (80%) do not produce typical symptoms. examples diseases by viruses have typical clinical symptoms, such as: a. Variola Variola isitcharacterized by a high fever of 390C-400C formorbilli. 7-10 days,Then a fever that lastsskincontinuously making difficult to differentiate from typhoit and different symptoms appear throughout the body in one stage (single crop). b. Polio Typical clinical symptoms of polio in children are characterized by high fever, stiffnessinfected in the back and neck and paralysis after the fever subsides. Clinical symptoms in someone with thismeningitis virus are divided into 4, namely: no symptoms, mild symptoms (abortive poliomyelitis), aseptic (nonparalytic poliomyelitis), and paralytic poliomyelitis (refrence).Abortive poliomyelitis is the most common clinicalvomiting, symptom,constipation the symptoms aresoremildthroat. such asIn fever, malaise, dizziness, headache, nausea, and such circumstances the diagnosis can be made only if the virus can be isolated or if a significant increase inofantibody titer is found. Nonparalytic poliomyelitis/meningitis, characterized by symptoms pain and stiffness in the back and neck other than those listed above. These symptoms last 2-10 daysmotor and will heal. Paralytic poliomyelitis, characterized by flaccid paralysis due to damage to lower neurons c. Morbilli Morbilli is oftenacharacterized by a inhigh fever ofof an 390C-400C for all approximately 1 accompanied week. As the fever decreases, skin rash appears the form exanthema over the body by conjunctivitis (inflammation of the eyes). d. Mumps (epidemic parotitis) Characterized unilateral acidic or bilateral especially whenbyswallowing foods. swelling of the parotid glands, accompanied by pain,