Physio Ex Exercise 4 Activity 2

PhysioEx Lab Report Exercise 4: Endocrine System Physiology Activity 2: Plasma Glucose, Insulin, and Diabetes Mellitus Date: 6 September 2020 Pre-lab Quiz Results You scored 100% by answering 5 out of 5 questions correctly. 1 Which of the following statements is false ? You correctly answered: Insulin is a hormone secreted into the stomach to aid with starch digestion. 2 Which of the following statements is true ? You correctly answered: All of these statements are true. 3 A diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus implies that You correctly answered: the pancreas is not producing sufficient insulin. 4 A diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus implies that You correctly answered: the cells of the body are unresponsive to circulating insulin. 5 Glucagon is a hormone You correctly answered: that opposes the action of insulin. Experiment Results Predict Question 1 Predict Question: To measure the amount of plasma glucose in a patient sample Your answer: the optical density of the sample will be measured and the glucose concentration will be extrapolated from the glucose standard curve. Stop & Think Question 1 Why does the color in the tubes vary? You correctly answered: The tubes contain different amounts of glucose. Experiment Data Part 1 Tube Optical Density Glucose (mg/deciliter) 1 0.30 30 2 0.50 60 3 0 60 90 Part 2 3 0.60 90 4 0.80 120 5 1.00 150 1 0.73 105 2 0.79 116 3 0.89 132 4 0.83 122 5 0.96 144 Post-lab Quiz Results You scored 100% by answering 6 out of 6 questions correctly. 1 A male patient has had successive fasting plasma glucose readings of 115, 110, and 122 mg/dl. The healthcare provider will inform him that You correctly answered: he appears to have impairment or borderline impairment of insulin-mediated glucose uptake by his cells. 2 To obtain an accurate spectrophotometric measurement of the glucose concentration in the sample You correctly answered: heparin is added to prevent blood clots. 3 In the spectrophotometric assay used in this experiment, the __________ as the glucose concentration in the sample increases. You correctly answered: optical density increases. 4 A female patient has had successive fasting plasma glucose readings of 130, 140, and 128 mg/dl. The healthcare provider will inform her that You correctly answered: she has developed diabetes. 5 To maintain plasma glucose homeostasis You correctly answered: insulin-mediated transport of glucose into cells acts as negative feedback when plasma glucose levels rise. 6 A laboratory technician withdraws a blood sample from a vein in your upper arm knowing that You correctly answered: the plasma glucose concentration will be the same in both the arm vein and the index finger. Review Sheet Results 1 What is a glucose standard curve, and why did you need to obtain one for this experiment? Did you correctly predict how you would measure the amount of plasma glucose in a patient sample using the glucose standard curve? Your answer: A glucose standard curve is a graphic tool measurement that helps to determine the relationship between the optical density and the glucose concentration of the different test tubes in order to monitor the blood glucose level in order to see the range of the glucose level.You need to obtain one for this experiment because It is used to measure the fasting plasma, glucose levels and to help diagnose the presence or the absence of diabetes mellitus. I correctly predicted how I would measure the amount of plasma glucose in a patient sample using the glucose standard curve because the optical density is used to help find out how much glucose was in the sample. 2 Which patient(s) had glucose reading(s) in the diabetic range? Can you say with certainty whether each of these patients has type 1 or type 2 diabetes? Why or why not? Your answer: Patient 3 and patient 5 had glucose readings that were considered to be in the diabetic range. I cannot say with certainty whether each of these patients has type 1 or type 2 diabetes because you would need more data such as the amount of insulin hormone and the response that the person's body has to the insulin (if it does not produce enough insulin or if their body produces enough but their body fails to reject it). In this case, we only know that the patient has high blood glucose levels and had diabetes. 3 Describe the diagnosis for patient 3, who was also pregnant at the time of this assay. Your answer: For patient 3, in part one, I recorded that with an optical density of .60 the glucose level was 90mg/d. In part two, I recorded that with an optical density of .89 the glucose level was 132mg/d. According to this data, the patient could have gestational diabetes which makes the blood sugar become high during pregnancy in certain instances. 4 Which patient(s) had normal glucose reading(s)? Your answer: Patient 1 appeared to have a normal glucose reading measuring at 105mg/deciliter. 5 What are some lifestyle choices these patients with normal plasma glucose readings might recommend to the borderline impaired patients? Your answer: Some lifestyle choices that these patients with normal plasma glucose reading might recommend to the borderline impaired patients would be to have healthier eating habits by controlling their food intake and watching how much sugar is in their food that they are eating. Eating foods with lower sugar and carbs and eating more vegetables along with being more active and exercising can help manage their glucose level.