Student Exploration Circulatory System

Student Exploration: Circulatory System Name: Date: 03/17/2021 Directions: Follow the instructions to go through the simulation. Respond to the questions and prompts in the orange boxes. Vocabulary: artery, atrium, blood vessel, capillary, circulatory system, heart, heart valves, platelet, pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein, red blood cell, urea, ventricle, vein, white blood cell Prior Knowledge Questions 1. Why do you need blood? 2. We need blood in order to live, it travels oxygen and nutrients to every part of the body. Blood helps fight infections and diseases, brings waste products to the kidneys and liver, and regulates body temperature. What organ pushes blood through your body? The organ that pushes blood through our body is the heart. Gizmo Warm-up The Circulatory System Gizmo shows the heart and blood vessels that make up the circulatory system. Look at the heart. 1. How many chambers does the heart have? The heart has a total of 4 chambers. 2. Turn on Show labels. What are the names of the chambers? Right atrium Right ventricle Left atrium Left ventricle 3. Do you see tiny “doors” that open and close as blood is pumped through the heart? Yes, I see tiny “doors” that are opening and closing as blood is being pumped through the heart. These are heart valves. Heart valves control the flow of blood through the heart. 4. Click Heartbeat sound and listen for the two parts of the heartbeat, nicknamed “lub” and “dub.” Observe the heart. (Note: The recording is not in sync with the heart animation.) What do you think causes heartbeat sounds? The heart’s valves opening and closing while pumping the blood through the body is what causes heartbeat sounds. In fact, the “lub” sound is caused by valves from the atria to the ventricles closing, and the “dub” sound is caused by the valves from the ventricles to the blood vessels closing. 5. Challenge: Why do you think the left atrium and left ventricle are shown on the right side of the diagram? The left atrium and the left ventricle are shown on the right side of the diagram but actually, they are on the left side of the body. Activity A: Blood flow ● Turn off Show labels. ● Turn on Show blood flow. Question: How does blood flow through the heart? Righ t atriu m 1. Observe: Blood in each chamber of the heart is represented by little balls. Click Play ( ) and observe the balls as they move through the heart and lungs. ✏️ 2. Label: Click Pause ( ) and turn on Show labels. Label the four chambers of the heart on the diagram. Then draw arrows to show the direction that blood flows through the heart. Left atriu m Starting at the right atrium, in what order does blood flow through the four chambers? Right atrium Right ventricle Left ventric le Right ventric le Left atrium Left ventricle 3. Analyze: Click Play. Observe the path of blood that leaves each ventricle. A. Where does blood from the right ventricle go? The blood from the right ventricle goes to the lungs. B. Where does blood from the left ventricle go? The blood from the left ventricle foes to the body; Head, Right/Left arm, Liver, Intestines, Left/Right kidney, Trunk, and Legs. 4. Collect data: Use the syringe to collect a blood sample from the right ventricle (on the left side of the heart diagram). Look at the Data from blood sample numbers. A. What is the concentration of oxygen in this sample? The concentration of oxygen in the right ventricle is 35.7 mm Hg. B. What is the concentration of carbon dioxide in this sample? The concentration of carbon dioxide in the right ventricle is 47.0 mm Hg. 5. Collect data: Now collect a blood sample from the left atrium. A. What is the concentration of oxygen in this sample? The concentration of oxygen in the left atrium is 90.8 mm Hg. B. What is the concentration of carbon dioxide in this sample? The concentration of carbon dioxide in the left atrium is 39.1 mm Hg. 6. Draw conclusions: Between the right ventricle and the left atrium, blood goes through the lungs. Based on the data you have collected, what happens in the lungs? Based on the data I have collected on what is happening in the lungs, the blood is being reoxygenated while the carbon dioxide is being sent out. Activity B: Blood circulation Get the Gizmo ready: ● Check that Show labels is on. ● Turn on Show blood flow. Question: How is blood carried to different parts of the body? 1. Observe: Click Play and watch the blood after it leaves the left ventricle. What are some places that blood goes after leaving the heart? After the blood leaves the left ventricle and the heart, it then goes to the Head, Right/Left arm, Liver, Intestines, Left/Right kidney, Trunk, and Legs. 2. Compare: The Gizmo shows three types of blood vessels. Arteries carry blood away from the heart, capillaries are small vessels that carry blood to body cells, and veins carry blood back to the heart. Locate examples of arteries, veins, and capillaries. Use the syringe to take blood samples from several different veins and arteries. A. Which type of blood vessel usually carries oxygen-rich blood? The blood vessel that usually carries oxygenrich blood is the arteries. B. Which type of blood vessel usually carries oxygen-poor blood? The blood vessel that usually carries oxygenpoor blood is the veins. C. In which type of blood vessel is oxygen released into body cells? The blood vessel that is oxygen released in body cells is the capillaries. 3. Challenge: The pulmonary arteries carry blood from the right ventricle to the right and left lungs. The pulmonary veins carry blood from the lungs back to the left atrium. Locate these blood vessels, and use the syringe to take a blood sample from each. A. How is the blood in the pulmonary arteries different from blood in other arteries? The blood in the pulmonary arteries is different from the blood of other arteries simply based on the fact that the blood in the pulmonary arteries is carried without oxygen (deoxygenated). B. How is the blood in the pulmonary veins different from blood in other veins? The blood in the pulmonary veins is different from the blood in other veins based on the fact that the blood in the pulmonary veins is carried with oxygen (oxygenated). 4. Extend your thinking: How is the circulatory system similar to a road-and-highway system? The circulatory system is similar to a road-and-highway system since they both take you to your destination at the end of the day. Extension: Get the Gizmo ready: ● Take a blood sample from any blood vessel using the syringe. What’s in your blood? Question: What is inside blood? ✏️ 1. Observe: Look at the Microscopic view of blood sample. Sketch what you see in the space at right. (If you like, you could also click the camera icon to take a Gizmo snapshot, and then paste your snapshot into a blank word-processing document.) Find and label the following objects in your sketch: Red blood cells ● Red blood cells (small, round cells that carry oxygen) ● White blood cells (large, irregular cells that fight disease) ● Platelets (tiny fragments that help to stop bleeding when you are cut) Plat elet Wh s ite blo od cell s 2. Collect data: Blood carries many vital substances. Four of these are listed above the Microscopic view. Oxygen and sugar are needed by all body cells. Carbon dioxide and urea are waste products. What are the concentrations of each substance in this sample? Oxygen: 94.5 mm Hg Carbon Dioxide: 39.0 mm Hg Sugar: 118.4 mg/dL Urea: 12.5 mg/dL 3. Investigate: Take samples of blood from all over the body. Try to determine where sugar enters the blood, and where it is removed. A. Where does sugar enter the blood? Sugar enters the blood goes through your intestines. B. How can you tell where sugar enters the blood? I was able to tell where sugar enters the blood since if you take a sample of the blood vessel between the liver and intestines, you can see around 178.9 mg/dL of sugar is found. C. Where is sugar removed from the blood? The sugar is removed during the digestion of the food you had consumed. D. How can you tell? I was able to tell where the sugar was removed from the blood because as I take samples from the blood vessels from top to bottom, I noticed that once I got below the intestines and closer to the trunk and legs, the sugar decreased. 4. Investigate: Take blood samples to determine where urea enters the blood and is removed. A. Where does urea enter the blood? Urea enters the blood in the liver. B. Where is urea removed from the blood? Urea is removed from the blood in the kidneys.