University:
Minnesota State University Moorhead
Course:
BIOL-125 | Human Anatomy and Physiology I with Lab
Academic year:

2021
Views:

282

Pages:

2
Author:

Annalise Mayer

Hormone Endocrine Gland Growth Hormone Anterior Pituitary Thyroid-stimulating Hormone (TSH) Anterior pituitary Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) Anterior Pituitary Gonadotropins (FSH and LH) Anterior Pituitary Prolactin (PRL) Anterior pituitary Oxytocin Posterior pituitary Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) Posterior pituitary Thyroid Hormone Thyroid gland Calcitonin Thyroid gland Parathyroid Hormone Thyroid gland Mineralocorticoids: aldosterone Adrenal gland Glucocorticoids: cortisol Adrenal gland Gonadocorticoids; androgens Adrenal gland Effects/Actions Direct actions on metabolism example: increases level of fatty acids in blood to use as fuel. Indirect growth promoting actions example: stimulates cells to grow and divide, most important bones and muscle. Stimulates development of thyroid. Inhibited by thyroid hormones that rise in the blood that act on pituitary and hypothalmus. Tells adrenal cortex to release corticosteroids. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) are secreted by gonadotropic cells. FSH: production of gametes. LH: gonadal hormones. Milk production in females, increased estrogen. PIH prevents PRL until it is needed. Neurotransmitter in brain. Simulant of contractions during labor. Target’s kidney tubules, to prevent formation of urine by absorbing water. Release can be triggered by pain, drugs, and low bp. Major metabolic hormone. 2 iodine containing amine hormones: thyroxine and triiodothyronine. Maintain bp, tissue growth, heat production, base metabolic rate. Produced in response to high ca^2+. Antagonist to parathyroid hormone. Oxyphil cells and parathyroid cells secrete PTH. Targets, skeleton, kidneys, and intestines. Regulate electrolyte concentrations. Aldosterone: most potent mineralocorticoid. Stress resister. Cortisol, cortisone, and corticosterone. Released in response to ACTH. Secretion cycles deemed by eating and activity patterns. Cortisol increases blood levels of glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids. Weak androgens (male sex hormones) converted to testosterone in tissue cells, some to estrogens. Contributes to puberty, secondary sex Ephinephrine and norepinephrine Adrenal gland Melatonin Pineal gland Glucagon pancreas Insulin pancreas Estrogen and Progesterone ovaries characteristic appearances, sex drive in woman. Source of estrogen during menopause. Ephinephrine: bronchial dilation, and blood flow to skeletal muscles and heart. Norepinephrine: more of an influence on peripheral vasoconstriction and blood pressure Timing of sexual maturation and puberty, Day/night cycles, Physiological processes that show rhythmic variations (body temperature, sleep, appetite), Production of antioxidant and detoxification molecules in cells Alpha () cells produce glucagon (hyperglycemic hormone) raises glucose levels. Beta () cells produce insulin (hypoglycemic hormone) lowers glucose levels. Maturation of reproductive organs Testosterone testes Initiates maturation of male reproductive organs