Replicability Helps Interrogate Which of the Four Big Validities

University:
Minnesota State University Moorhead
Course:
PSY-113 | General Psychology
Academic year:

2023
Views:

30

Pages:

3
Author:

peplefamy8b6b

 Of the Big Four Validities, internal validity is the most important when interrogating experiments  A one group, pretest/pottest design does not include a comparison group  Instrumentation Vs. Testing threat: - Testing threat involve participants -Instrumentation threat involve measurements  Observer bias can actually threaten both internal validity and construct validity  If a double-study isn’t feasible, then an acceptable alternative is a masked design (aka blind design)  Two main reason to conduct a factorial study are to test limits and test theories  Factorials are notated like this: ____ X ____. Number of blanks tells you the numbers of IV’s, and the number that you put in the blanks tell you the number of levels of each of the IVs (Typically, there would be on DV)  When analyzing a factorial study with two IVs, the number of main effects that need to examined is equal to the number of independent variables  It’s important to study interaction because most outcomes in psychological studies are not main effects, but rather interaction  Repeating a study is a strategy used by psychologist to determine a study’s replicability  Of the big four validities, replicability helps interrogate external validity  When generalizing the results of a sample to a population, the most important question to ask is “How were the participants sampled?”  A researcher in theory-testing mode focuses on internal validity, while a researcher in generalization mode focuses on external validity       DefinitionsTesting threat: a type of order effect in which there is a change in participants as a result of experiencing the DV (the test) Null effects: are when the independent variable did not affect the dependent variable, or did not make a difference Instrumentation threat: occurs when a measuring changes over time Weak manipulating: measuring exams scored based on amount of time to complete (30 min Vs. 40 minutes) Reverse Confounds: A confound that keeps a researcher from finding a relationship between two variables Error variance: where there is too much within-groups variability which can obscure the group differences  Factorial design: an experiment in which there are two or more IV’s. The IVs are also called factors  Scientific Literature: a series of related studies (that test similar variable)  Meta-analysis: a statistical analysis that yields a quantitative summary of a scientific literature  Ecological validity: an aspect of external validity in which the focus is on whether a laboratory study generalizes to real-world setting (in other words, studies that are conducted in real-world setting are high in ecological validity)  Cultural psychology: a subdiscipline in psychology focusing on how cultural contexts shape human thinking, feeling, and behavior