Cell Cycle, Mitisis and Meosis Part A

Biology Chapter 12/13 Review WS Cell Cycle, Mitosis & Meiosis PART A: Comp Name Date Block : Read the description and write the appropriate word in the space provided. Each word will be used only once. Use the word bank to assist you. Cell Cycle Mitotic Spindle Centrosome Centriole Chromatin Centromere Kinetochore Sister Chromatids M Phase Cytokinesis Cleavage Furrow Cell Plate Interphase Binary Fission G1 Checkpoint Kinases G1 Cyclins Cdk's MPF S Phase APC PDGF Anchorage Dependence Malignant Mutations G2 Benign Genome Cancer Synapsis Random Fertilization Prophase Metastasis Heredity Variation Prometaphase Asexual Reproduction Genes Sexual Reproduction Metaphase Somatic cell Karyotype Homologous Chromosome Anaphase Sex chromosome Autosome Gamete Telophase Haploid Diploid Zygote GO Mitosis Meiosis Fertilization/ Syngamy Tetrad Crossing Over Dens ndent Inhibition Ind dent Assortment 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. Synaptonemal Complex Chiasmata DNA is usually in this form; uncoiled DNA A chromosome consists of two of these; they are identical Division of the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell This phase accounts for 90% of the cell cycle Asexual reproduction of a prokaryotic cell; does not involve a spindle Cytokinesis in an animal cell Phase of the cell cycle that includes mitosis and cytokinesis Microtubules of the spindle attach here on the centromere Assembly of the spindle begins here; microtubules originate here Part of interphase where the cell completes preparations for division; cell has double the amount of DNA in this phase as compared to G1 Life of a cell from origin until its own division Division of cytoplasm; begins at end of telophase Part of interphase where chromosomes are copied 14. Fibers composed of microtubules and proteins; guides chromatid movement; affects metaphase and anaphase 15. This is formed during the cytoplasmic division of a plant cell from vesicles produced by the Golgi 16. First phase of growth in interphase 17. The cell exits the cell cycle and enters a non-dividing state 18. Holds sister chromatids together; the number of these is equal to the number of chromosomes 19. Process that yields half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell; produces egg and sperm 20. Animal organelle that aids in cell division; found in the centrosomes 21. Most important checkpoint in the cell cycle 22. Activates or deactivates other proteins by phosphorylating them 23. Triggers the cell past G2 to mitosis; used in the G2 checkpoint; is an example of a cdk 24. Cells divide until a layer is formed or a gap is filled; as the cell number increases, the amount of growth factors and nutrients per cell becomes insufficient to allow for growth 25. Associates with kinase to form an active enzyme; levels of this molecule fluctuate throughout the cell cycle → high in interphase and low in mitosis (it is destroyed towards the end of mitosis) 26. Process of carrying cancerous cells to other tissues via lymph or blood 27. Cancer cells that remain at the original site 28. 29. 30. Checks that kinetochores are attached to the spindle; activates to trigger the separating of chromatids; used in the M checkpoint Triggers a signal induction pathway that leads to cell division; released in the area of an injury In order to divide, a cell must be attached to something (ex. A petri dish or the ECM of another cell) 31. A complex of cyclin attached to kinase 32. The nuclear envelope fragments (breaks down) during this phase 33. Centromeres divide separating the sister chromatids in this phase; it is important here that microtubules can shorten to pull the sister chromatids apart 34. The cell elongates and nuclei can reform in this phase 35. Chromosomes are tightly coiled and the spindle begins to form in this phase 36. Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell in this phase 37. Transmission of genetic traits from one generation to the next