Biology Chapter 2 Review Packet 2

Chapter 20 Review Packet 2 Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Bacterial cells protect their own DNA from restriction enzymes (endonucleases) by A) adding methyl groups to adenines and cytosines B) using DNA ligase to seal the bacterial DNA into a closed circle C) adding histones to protect the double-stranded DNA D) forming "sticky ends" of bacterial DNA to prevent the enzyme (endonuclease) from attaching 2) What is the most logical sequence of steps for splicing foreign DNA into a plasmid and inserting the plasmid into a bacterium? 1. Transform bacteria with a recombinant DNA molecule. II. Cut the plasmid DNA using restriction enzymes (endonucleases). III. Extract plasmid DNA from bacterial cells. IV. Hydrogen-bond the plasmid DNA to nonplasmid DNA fragments. V. Use ligase to seal plasmid DNA to nonplasmid DNA. A) II, III, V, IV, 1 B) III, II, IV, V, I C) III, IV, V, I, II D) IV, V, I, II, III 3) To introduce a particular piece of DNA into an animal cell, such as that of a mouse, you would most likely be successful with which of the following methods? A) electroporation followed by recombination B) introducing a plasmid into the cell C) infecting the mouse cell with a Ti plasmid D) transcription and translation 4) The reason for using Taq polymerase for PCR is that A) it is heat stable and can withstand the heating step of PCR B) only minute amounts are needed for each cycle of PCR C) it binds more readily than other polymerases to the primers D) it has regions that are complementary to the primers 5) Use the figure below to answer the following question. Which enzyme was used to produce the molecule in the figure above? A) ligase B) a restriction enzyme (endonuclease) C) RNA polymerase D) DNA polymerase 6) Which of the following sequences is most likely to be cut by a restriction enzyme? A) AATTCT TTAAGA B) AATATT TTATAA C) AAAATT D) ACTACT TGATGA 7) Which of the following is required to make complementary DNA (cDNA) from RNA? A) restriction enzymes (endonucleases) B) gene cloning C) DNA ligase D) reverse transcriptase 8) In large scale, genome-wide association studies in humans we look for A) lengthy sequences that might be shared by most members of a population B) SNPs where one allele is found more often in persons with a particular disorder than in healthy controls C) SNPs where one allele is found in families with particular introns sequence D) SNPs where one allele is found in two or more adjacent genes 9) For a particular microarray assay (DNA chip), cDNA has been made from the mRNAs of a dozen patients' breast tumor biopsies. The researchers will be looking for A) a particular gene that is amplified in all or most of the patient samples B) a pattern of fluorescence that indicates which cells are over proliferating C) a pattern shared among some or all of the samples that indicates gene expression differing from control samples D) a group of cDNAs that match those in non-breast cancer control samples from the same population 10) Imagine that you compare two DNA sequences found in the same location on homologous chromosomes. On one of the homologs, the sequence is AACTACGA. On the other homolog, the sequence is AACTTCGA. Within a population, you discover that each of these sequences is common. These sequences A) contain an SNP that may be useful for genetic mapping B) identify a protein-coding region of a gene C) cause disease D) do none of the listed actions 11) Which of the following is true of embryonic stem cells but not of adult stem cells? A) They normally differentiate into only eggs and sperm. B) They can give rise to all cell types in the organism. C) They can continue to reproduce for an indefinite period. D) One aim of using them is to provide cells for repair of diseased tissue. 12) The first cloned cat, called Carbon Copy, was a calico, but she looked significantly different from her female parent because A) the cloning was done poorly and it was likely that some contaminating cat DNA became part of Carbon Copy's genome B) fur color genes in cats is determined by differential acetylation patterns C) cloned animals have been found to have a higher frequency of transposon activation D) X inactivation in the embryo is random and produces different patterns 13) What characteristic of short tandem repeats (STRs) DNA makes it useful for DNA fingerprinting? A) The number of repeats varies widely from person to person or animal to animal. B) The sequence of DNA that is repeated varies significantly from individual to individual. C) The sequence variation is acted upon differently by natural selection in different environments. D) Every racial and ethnic group has inherited different short tandem repeats. 14) Gene therapy requires A) knowledge and availability of the normal allele of the defective gene B) the ability to introduce the normal allele into the patient C) the ability to express the introduced gene at the correct level, time, and tissue site within the patient D) knowledge and availability of the normal allele of the defective gene, an ability to introduce the normal allele into the patient, and an ability to express the introduced gene at the correct level, and time, and tissue site within the patient 15) For applications in gene therapy, what is the most favorable characteristic of retroviruses? A) Retroviruses have an RNA genome. B) Retroviruses possess reverse transcriptase. C) DNA copies of retroviral genomes become integrated into the genome of the infected cell. D) Retroviruses mutate often.