Biology Chapter 2 Review Packet

Chapter 20 Review Packet MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) How does a bacterial cell protect its own DNA from restriction enzymes? A) adding histones to protect the double-stranded DNA B) using DNA ligase to seal the bacterial DNA into a closed circle C) by forming "sticky ends of bacterial DNA to prevent the enzyme from attaching D) by reinforcing bacterial DNA structure with covalent phosphodiester bonds E) by adding methyl groups to adenines and cytosines 2) What is a cloning vector? A) a DNA probe used to locate a particular gene in the genome B) the enzyme that cuts DNA into restriction fragments C) an agent, such as a plasmid, used to transfer DNA from an in vitro solution into a living cell D) the laboratory apparatus used to clone genes E) the sticky end of a DNA fragment Lise the following information to answer the questions below. A eukaryotic gene has "aticky ends produced by the restriction endonuclease EcoRI. The gene is added to a mixture containing EcoRl and a bacterial plasmid that carries two genes, which make it resistant to ampicillin and tetracycline. The plasmid has one recognition site for EcoRI located in the tetracycline resistance gene. This mixture is incubated for several hours and then added to bacteria growing in nutrient broth. The bacteria are allowed to grow overnight and are streaked on a plate using a technique that produces isolated colonies that are clones of the original. Samples of these colonies are then grown in four different media: nutrient broth plus ampicillin, nutrient broth plus tetracycline, nutrient broth plus ampicillin and tetracycline, and nutrient broth containing no antihietics. 3) The bacteria containing the engineered plasmid would grow in A) the nutrient broth and the tetracycline broth only. B) the nutrient broth only. C) the ampicillin broth and the nutrient broth. D) the ampicillin and tetracycline broth only. E) the nutrient broth, the ampicillin broth, and the tetracycline broth. 4) The bacteria that contained the plasmid, but not the eukaryotic gene, would grow A) in the nutrient broth plus ampicillin, but not in the broth containing tetracycline. B) in the broth containing tetracycline, but not in the broth containing ampicillin. C) only in the broth containing both antibiotics. D) only in the broth that contained no antibiotics. E) in all four types of broth. 5) After being digested with a restriction enzyme, DNA fragments are separated by gel electrophoresis. Specific fragments are then identified through the use of a A) plasmid. B) nucleic acid probe. C) restriction enzyme. D) RFLP. E) sticky end. 6) Which of the following is least related to the others? A) sticky ends B) restriction enzymes C) cloning vector D) denaturation E) DNA ligase 7) Why is it difficult to get bacteria to express genes directly from eukaryotic DNA? A) Eukaryotic genes may contain transposons. B) Eukaryotic genes are not transcribed in a single transcript. C) Eukaryotic genes contain introns. D) Eukaryotic genes lack controlling regions. E) Eukaryotic genes do not contain enhancer sequences. 8) The DNA of a cell is like a library. The books of a library are analogous to genes, and the sections of a library are analogous to chromosomes. Which of the following would not be a library activity analogous to a function of biotechnology? A) moving a book from one library to another B) finding a particular book in the library C) reading and understanding the contents of a book D) identifying a library by the books that it has El returning books that had been checked out 9) The polymerase chain reaction is important because it allows us to A) insert regulatory sequences into eukaryotic genes B) incorporate genes into viruses. C) make DNA from RNA transcripts D) make many copies of a targeted segment of DNA E) insert eukaryotic genes into prokaryotic plasmids. SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.. The following questions refer to the techniques, tools, or substances listed below. Answers may be used once, more than once, or not at all. A. restriction enzymes B. gene cloning C. DNA ligase D. gel electrophoresis E reverse transcriptase 10) produces multiple identical copies of a gene for basic research or for large-scale production of a gene product 11) enables one to create complementary DNA (CDNA) from mRNA; results in a smaller gene product (RNA processed; no introns) that is more easily translated by bacteria 12) separates molecules by movement due to size and electrical charge 13) seals the sticky ends of restriction fragments to make recombinant DNA MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. Use the following information and Figure 20.2 to answer the following questions. The DNA profiles below represent four different individuals. A. B. C. D. Figure 20.2 14) Which of the following statements is consistent with the results? A) A is the child of Cand D. B) B is the child of A and C. C) A is the child of B and C D) D is the child of B and C. E) C is the child of A and B.