Immunology and Serology Practice Questions & Ratio

MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE • IMMUNOLOGY & SEROLOGY PRACTICE QUESTIONS + ANSWERS & RATIONALIZATIONS • • • • • • • • • • Which of the following of the following can be attributed to Pasteur? a. Discovery of opsonins - White & Douglas b. Observation of phagocytosis - Metchnikoff c. First attenuated vaccines d. Theory of humoral immunity - von Behring & Kitasato Which WBC is capable of further differentiation in tissues? a. Neutrophil b. Eosinophil c. Basophil d. Monocyte The cells that Metchnikoff first observed are associated with which phenomenon? a. Innate immunity b. Adaptive immunity c. Humoral immunity d. Specific immunity Where are all undifferentiated lymphocytes made? a. Bone marrow b. Spleen c. Thymus d. Lymph nodes Which of the following statements is true of NK cells? a. They rely upon memory for antigen recognition b. They have the same CD groups as B cells c. They are found mainly in lymph nodes d. They kill target cells without prior exposure to them Which cells is the most potent phagocytic cell in the tissue? a. Neutrophil b. Dendritic - most efficient APC c. Eosinophil d. Basophil The ability of an individual to resist infection by means of normally present body functions is called a. Innate immunity b. Humoral immunity c. Adaptive immunity d. Cross-immunity A cell characterized by a nucleus with two to five lobes, a diameter of 10 to 15 um, and large number of neutral staining granules is identified as a(n) a. Eosinophil b. Monocyte c. Basophil d. Neutrophil Which of the following is a primary lymphoid organ? a. Lymph node b. Spleen c. Thymus d. MALT What type of cells would be found in a primary follicle? a. Unstimulated B cells b. Germinal centers c. Plasma cells d. Memory cells • • • • • • • • • Which of the following is distinguishing feature of B cells? a. Act as helper cells b. Presence of surface antibody c. Able to kill target cells without prior exposure d. Active in phagocytosis Where do lymphocytes mainly come in contact with antigens? a. Secondary lymphoid organs b. Bloodstream c. Bone marrow d. Thymus Which of the following is found on the T cell subset known as helpers? a. CD19 b. CD4 - helper c. CD8 - cytotoxic d. CD56 Which of the following statements best characterizes adaptive immunity? a. Relies on normally present body functions - innate b. Response is similar for each exposure - innate c. Specificity for each individual pathogen d. Involves only cellular immunity - cellular humoral The main function of T cells in the immune response is to a. produce cytokines that regulate both innate and adaptive immunity. b. produce antibodies. - B cells c. participate actively in phagocytosis. d. respond to target cells without prior exposure. - NK cells Which of the following is a part of humoral immunity? a. Cells involved in phagocytosis b. Neutralization of toxins by serum c. Macrophages and mast cells in the tissue d. T and B cells in lymph nodes Immunity can be defined as a. the study of medicines used to treat diseases. b. a specific population at risk for a disease. c. the condition of being resistant to disease. d. the study of the noncellular portion of the blood. A blood cell that has reddish staining granules and is able to kill large parasites describes a. basophils. b. monocytes. c. neutrophils. - bacteria d. eosinophils. Which of the following statements best describes a lymph node? a. It is considered a primary lymphoid organ. - lymph is a secondary lymphoid organ b. It removes old RBCs. - spleen c. It collects fluid from the tissues. d. It is where B cells mature. Antigenic groups identified by different sets of antibodies reacting in a similar manner to certain standard cell lines best describes a. cytokines. b. clusters of differentiation (CD). c. neutrophilic granules. d. Opsonins 1 • • • • • • • • • • Antigen receptors on T lymphocytes bind HLA class II + peptide complexes with the help of which accessory molecule? a. CD2 b. CD3 c. CD4 d. CD8 What molecule on the surface of most T cells recognizes antigen? a. IgT b. MHC protein c. CD3 d. TcR Recommended test for diagnosis of neurosyphilis: a. VDRL b. RPR c. TRUST d. FTA-ABS Test most likely to be positive in tertiary syphilis: a. VDRL b. RPR c. TRUST d. FTA-ABS What is the major cause of post-transfusion hepatitis? a. HBV b. HCV → Historically, 80% of cases are HCV caused while <10% are HBV-caused. This is due to lack of HCVspecific tests as only a surrogate test is used ▪ Historical surrogate test for HCV = Increased ALT/SGPT + anti-HBc Antigen receptors on T lymphocytes bind HLA class II + peptide complexes with the help of which accessory molecule? a. CD2 b. CD3 c. CD4 d. CD8 What molecule on the surface of most T cells recognizes antigen? a. IgT b. MHC protein c. CD3 d. TcR Recommended test for diagnosis of neurosyphilis: a. VDRL b. RPR c. TRUST d. FTA-ABS Test most likely to be positive in tertiary syphilis: a. VDRL b. RPR c. TRUST d. FTA-ABS What is the major cause of post-transfusion hepatitis? a. HBV b. HCV → Historically, 80% of cases are HCV caused while <10% are HBV-caused. This is due to lack of HCVspecific tests as only a surrogate test is used ▪ Historical surrogate test for HCV = Increased ALT/SGPT + anti-HBc • • • • • • Compared with a host’s response to the mumps virus, overcoming a parasitic infection is more difficult for the host because of which of the following characteristics of parasites? a. Large size b. Complex antigenic structures c. Elaborate life cycle d. All of the above Parasites are able to evade host defenses by which of the following means? a. Production of antigens similar to host antigens b. Changing surface antigens c. Sequestering themselves within host cells d. All of the above Most of the pathology associated with parasitic infections results from which of the following? a. Symbiotic relationships with the host b. Elaborate parasitic life cycles c. Immune response to the offending organism d. Innate defense mechanisms of the host The chronic nature of parasitic infections is caused by the host’s: a. Inability to eliminate the infective agent b. Type I hypersensitivity response to the infection c. Ability to form a granuloma around the parasite d. Tendency to form circulating immune complexes All of the following are true for intermediate HIV (Stage 2), except: a. CD4+ cell count of 1,000/uL b. Anemia c. Increased or normal serum globulins d. Positive HIV antibody test True for intermediate HIV: a. CD4+ cell count of 1,000/uL b. Polycythemia c. Increased or normal serum globulins d. Negative HIV antibody test • 2