Autonomic vs. Somatic Nervous System - Key Differences and Reflex Arc Explained Part 1

Human Anatomy & Physiology, Global Edition (Amerman) The Autonomic Nervous System and Homeostasis 1) Visceral reflex arcs do NOT control: A) blood pressure. B) heart rate. C) digestion. D) voluntary muscle functions. Answer: D 2) Sally sustained damage to some autonomic ganglia. What part of the visceral reflex arc is interrupted? A) sensory reception B) initiation of a motor impulse in the central nervous system (CNS) C) motor response in a target cell D) integration Answer: C 3) Autonomic motor neurons do NOT innervate: A) skeletal muscle cells. B) smooth muscle cells. C) glands. D) cardiac muscle cells. Answer: A 4) Somatic motor neurons innervate: A) skeletal muscle cells. B) cardiac muscle cells. C) glands. D) smooth muscle cells. Answer: A 5) Control of skeletal muscle is the responsibility of: A) a somatic motor neuron. B) a preganglionic neuron. C) an autonomic ganglion. D) a postganglionic neuron. Answer: A 6) Where are autonomic ganglia located? A) brain B) central nervous system (CNS) C) peripheral nervous system (PNS) D) spinal cord Answer: C 7) Where does the cell body of the preganglionic neuron originate? A) peripheral nervous system (PNS) B) postganglionic neuron C) central nervous system (CNS) D) target cell Answer: C 8) What is found between the preganglionic neuron and postganglionic neuron of a visceral reflex arc? A) target cell B) central nervous system (CNS) C) spinal cord D) autonomic ganglion Answer: D 9) Where are the preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system located? A) thoracolumbar region of the spinal cord B) cervical region and sacral region of the spinal cord C) cranial nerves and the sacral region of the spinal cord D) cranial nerves and the lumbar region of the spinal cord Answer: A 10) A drug that inhibits the release of norepinephrine will have the greatest affect on: A) preganglionic neurons. B) somatic motor neurons. C) skeletal muscle cells. D) autonomic target cells. Answer: D 11) As Lisa drove home, she was suddenly alerted to the sound of a blaring horn and realized she had drifted off to sleep. Which nervous system division dominated when she was startled awake? A) sensory nervous system B) sympathetic nervous system C) parasympathetic nervous system D) somatic nervous system Answer: B 12) Which of the following innervates target cells or organs of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)? A) preganglionic neuron B) autonomic ganglion C) somatic motor neuron D) postganglionic neuron Answer: D 13) Which branch of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) includes the vagus nerves, which innervate the thoracic and abdominal viscera? A) sensory nervous system B) parasympathetic nervous system C) somatic nervous system D) sympathetic nervous system Answer: B 14) After eating a large meal, Mr. Davis felt sleepy. Which nervous system dominates? A) systemic nervous system B) somatic nervous system C) parasympathetic nervous system D) sympathetic nervous system Answer: C 15) Which nervous system division works antagonistically to the sympathetic nervous system? A) sensory nervous system B) central nervous system C) parasympathetic nervous system D) somatic nervous system Answer: C 16) What do the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems share in common? A) Both systems are called the "rest and digest" division of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). B) Both systems are divisions of the autonomic nervous system. C) Both systems have short preganglionic neurons and long postganglionic neurons. D) Both systems trigger the same motor response in target organs. Answer: B 17) Where within the spinal cord do the cell bodies of preganglionic sympathetic neurons originate? A) anterior horns of the thoracic and lumbar spinal cord B) lateral horns of the cervical and sacral spinal cord C) posterior horns of the thoracic and lumbar spinal cord D) lateral horns of the thoracic and lumbar spinal cord Answer: D 18) Gene's parachute did not open when he jumped out of the airplane. He injured his back in the thoracic and lumbar regions, damaging the autonomic ganglia found close to his spinal cord. What neurons did he likely damage? A) parasympathetic preganglionic neurons B) sympathetic preganglionic neurons C) sympathetic postganglionic neurons D) somatic motor neurons Answer: B 19) What do the white rami communicantes contain? A) preganglionic parasympathetic neurons B) sympathetic chain ganglia C) preganglionic sympathetic neurons D) postganglionic sympathetic neurons Answer: C 20) What neurotransmitter is released by the axon of a sympathetic preganglionic neuron to communicate with the sympathetic postganglionic neuron? A) adrenalin B) norepinephrine C) acetylcholine D) epinephrine Answer: C 21) Receptors that bind norepinephrine and epinephrine are known as: A) cholinergic. B) muscarinic. C) adrenergic. D) nicotinic. Answer: C 22) If a drug is administered to block the heart's adrenergic receptors, how is heart rate affected during exercise? A) Heart rate will be unable to increase in response to exercise. B) Heart rate will increase in response to the drug. C) The heart will stop beating. D) The drug has no effect on heart rate during exercise. Answer: A 23) What effect does a β2 agonist have on the diameter of respiratory passages? A) The diameter of the respiratory passageways will increase. B) The diameter of the respiratory passageways will decrease. C) The drug will have no effect on passageway diameter. D) The diameter of the respiratory passageways will decrease first, and then increase. Answer: A 24) Receptors that bind acetylcholine are known as: A) alpha. B) adrenergic. C) beta. D) cholinergic. Answer: D 25) Which receptor hyperpolarizes the axon terminal to slow or cancel the action potential when norepinephrine binds? A) β3 receptor B) α2 receptor C) α1 receptor D) β2 receptor Answer: B 26) Nicotinic and muscarinic receptors are classified as: A) alpha receptors. B) beta receptors. C) cholinergic receptors. D) adrenergic receptors. Answer: C 27) Drugs known as beta-blockers may be useful in treating: A) a fast heart rate. B) benign prostatic hyperplasia. C) asthma. D) opiate withdrawal. Answer: A 28) Which drug binds receptors on the smooth muscle of airways and causes bronchodilation? A) α2-agonist B) β2-agonist C) α1-blocker (antagonist) D) beta-blocker (antagonist) Answer: B 29) A drug decreases heart rate by blocking a receptor on cardiac muscle cells. This drug probably binds to: A) β2 receptors. B) nicotonic cholinergic receptors. C) α1 receptors. D) β1 receptors. Answer: D 30) What receptor present on smooth muscle cells of blood vessels binds norepinephrine? A) β2 receptor B) α2 receptor C) α1 receptor D) β1 receptor Answer: C 31) Stimulation of α1 receptors by norepinephrine results in: A) sweating. B) vasodilation. C) vasoconstriction. D) bronchodilation. Answer: C 32) A drug known as a beta-blocker should primarily affect: A) heart rate. B) dilation of the pupils. C) sweating. D) bronchodilation. Answer: A 33) During sympathetic nervous system activity, what is NOT an effect of norepinephrine? A) the pancreas releases a hormone called glucagon B) blood glucose levels decrease C) lipids are broken down from adipocytes D) glucose is broken down from glycogen Answer: B 34) To increase sweat production from sweat glands, acetylcholine binds: A) muscarinic receptors. B) beta receptors. C) nicotinic receptors. D) adrenergic receptors. Answer: A 35) The adrenal medulla serve to supplement the: A) somatic nervous system. B) parasympathetic nervous system. C) sympathetic nervous system. D) both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. Answer: C 36) What two systems are interfaced by the adrenal medulla? A) somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system B) parasympathetic nervous system and endocrine system C) sympathetic nervous system and endocrine system D) parasympathetic nervous system and sympathetic nervous system Answer: C 37) Which nervous system dilates the pupils and allows more light to enter the eyes? A) somatic nervous system B) sympathetic nervous system C) parasympathetic nervous system D) sensory nervous system Answer: B 38) Which neurotransmitter ensures skeletal muscles receive the supply of nutrients needed to make ATP by stimulating the release of more fatty acids and glucose into the blood stream? A) acetylcholine B) aldosterone C) norepinephrine D) epinephrine Answer: C 39) What best characterizes the function of the parasympathetic nervous system? A) The parasympathetic nervous system maintains homeostasis when the body is at rest. B) The parasympathetic nervous system prepares the body for emergency situations. C) The parasympathetic nervous system is the "fight or flight" system. D) The parasympathetic nervous system prepares the body for physical activity. Answer: A 40) The axons of parasympathetic postganglionic neurons are: A) situated within terminal ganglia. B) long. C) found close to the spinal cord. D) short. Answer: D 41) Which cranial nerve is NOT involved in the parasympathetic nervous system? A) vagus nerve (CN X) B) oculomotor nerve (CN III) C) hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) D) facial nerve (CN VII) Answer: C 42) Which plexus is NOT served by the vagus nerve? A) brachial plexus B) esophageal plexus C) cardiac plexus D) pulmonary plexus Answer: A 43) Damage to the splanchnic nerves would affect functioning of the: A) heart. B) lungs. C) urinary bladder. D) eye. Answer: C 44) Where are the ganglia of the parasympathetic nervous system located? A) close to the brain B) near the cells or organ being innervated by parasympathetic postganglionic neurons C) close to the spinal cord D) near the parasympathetic preganglionic neuron Answer: B 45) What organ is served by the parasympathetic sacral nerves? A) last portion of the large intestine B) esophagus C) heart D) lungs Answer: A 46) Due to an accident, Lori's sacral nerves are severed. What do you expect to be affected by this injury? A) production of saliva B) urinary bladder and the last portion of the large intestine C) heart and lungs D) blood pressure and heart rate Answer: B 47) What does the vagus nerve (CN X) innervate? A) blood vessels B) cardiac muscle cells C) adipocytes D) sweat glands Answer: B 48) What type of receptor is located in the membranes of all parasympathetic target cells? A) beta receptor B) alpha receptor C) nicotinic receptor D) muscarinic receptor Answer: D