Nursing Questions Answers Rationales Full

1. A 26-year-old female with type 1 diabetes is being discharged after an appendectomy. Which home medications may affect the amount of insulin needed? Select all that apply. A. St. John’s Wort B. Corticosteroids C. Ibuprofen D. Oral contraceptives E. Epinephrine Correct Answer: B, D, E Rationale: Corticosteroids, oral contraceptives, and epinephrine increase blood glucose levels, increasing insulin needs. Ibuprofen and St. John’s Wort do not significantly alter insulin requirements. 2. A client with hemorrhoids states she avoids nuts and seeds to prevent inflammation. How should the nurse respond? A. Explain the benefits of a high fiber diet. B. Confirm that these foods should be avoided. C. Encourage soft foods such as yogurt. D. Suggest that the client also avoid fruit skins. Correct Answer: A Rationale: A high■fiber diet helps soften stool and reduce straining, which improves hemorrhoids. Nuts and seeds do not cause inflammation. 3. Which food is most likely to cause food poisoning after being refrigerated at 40°F for more than two days? A. Opened package of hot dogs. B. Package of uncooked lamb chops. C. Opened package of deli sliced meats. D. Raw ground hamburger meat. Correct Answer: C Rationale: Deli meats are high risk for Listeria contamination even when properly refrigerated. 4. A chemotherapy client with stomatitis and 25% weight loss should receive which diet? A. Low residue diet. B. Mechanical soft diet. C. Pureed regular diet. D. High protein soft diet. Correct Answer: D Rationale: A high■protein soft diet supports healing, weight gain, and is easier to tolerate with mouth sores. 5. A post■surgical client with anemia is eating oatmeal. Which beverage should be encouraged to increase iron intake? A. Coffee. B. Hot tea. C. Orange juice. D. Apple juice. Correct Answer: C Rationale: Vitamin C enhances iron absorption, while coffee and tea inhibit it. 6. An older adult is exhibiting confusion. Which intervention should the nurse implement? A. Offer water hourly. B. Reduce dairy intake. C. Increase sodium intake. D. Review intake and output. Correct Answer: A Rationale: Dehydration is a common reversible cause of confusion in older adults. 7. Which client is at greatest risk for aspiration? A. Client with NG tube to suction. B. Client with sensory aphasia on clear liquids. C. Client on 30% oxygen via non■rebreather. D. Client with dysphagia on full liquid diet. Correct Answer: D Rationale: Dysphagia significantly increases aspiration risk regardless of diet type. 8. A marathon trainee reports frequent leg cramps. What should the nurse recommend? A. Drink a liter of water during and after running. B. Consume a sports drink before and during training. C. Eat a high■carbohydrate meal after running. D. Avoid alcohol 48 hours before training. Correct Answer: B Rationale: Sports drinks replace electrolytes lost in sweat, reducing muscle cramps. 9. A client with glomerulonephritis asks about diet. What teaching should the nurse include? A. Low carbohydrate diet. B. High protein diet. C. Avoid potassium■rich foods. D. Restrict sodium and excess fluids. Correct Answer: D Rationale: Sodium and fluid restriction helps prevent fluid overload and hypertension. 10. Which statement indicates adequate vitamin A intake in a malnourished child? A. Bruises are gone. B. No tingling in feet. C. Improved night vision. D. Smaller abdomen. Correct Answer: C Rationale: Vitamin A is essential for night vision; improvement indicates adequacy. 11. Which parameters best indicate nutritional status in an older adult? A. 24■hour food recall. B. BMI and albumin. C. Triceps skinfold and mid■arm circumference. D. Weight loss history and BSA. Correct Answer: C Rationale: These directly measure fat and muscle mass, making them strong nutritional indicators.