Inguinal Canal - Exam Notes

INGUINAL CANALDEFINITIONIt is an oblique canal situated in the o-medialpart of the anterior abdominal wall, paralleland little above the medial part of concave superior surfaceof inguinal ligament.MEASUREMENT AND EXTENTIt measures about 4 to 5cm in lengthring to the superficial inguinal ring.and extends from deep inguinalDIRECTION & POSITIONDIPAMMOR RAYIf is oblique in direction and runs parallel to the medial halfof the inguinal ligament and is situated at a position abouthalf of art inch or 1.25 em. above the medial half of theinguinal ligament.BOUNDARYHuman Anatomy For ExamBEGINNING It begins at the deep inguinal ring which is an ovalopening in the fascial transversalis lying 1/2an inchabove the midinguinal point just lateral to Inferior epigastric a.END It ends at the Superficial Inguinal RingShape:- Triangular slit (one inch long).Site:- In the external -oblique aponeurosis just above and medialto pubic tubercle.Base:- Formed by the lateral 1/2 of the puble crest.APEX:- Directed upwards and laterally.SIDES:- are called CRURA:-- Medial crus -is attached below to the symphysis pubis.- Lateral Crus - is attached below to the pubic tubercle.INTERCRURAL FIBRES: of Diagonal fibres that prevent theseparationthe 2 erura. They represent fibres thatcross the middle line from one external oblique to the other.External Spermatie Fascia:-(A prolongation) - Extends from themargins of the ring to the surroundedSpermatic card. INGUINAL CANAL2ANTERIOR WALL (From Outside Inwards)(i) SKIN (ii) Fatty layer (Fascia of camper , of superficial fasica.(iii) Membranous layer (Fascia of Scarpa) superficial fascial.[iv) External oblique aponeurosis.(v) Few fibres of internal oblique -in its lateral 1/3rd.POSTERIOR WALL It is divided by the presence of objileratedumbilical artery into 2 parts:PART LATERAL TO THE ARTERY(FROM BEFORE BACKWARDS)PART MEDIAL TO THE ARTERY(BEFORE BACKWARDS)(i) Fascia transversalis(i)Reflected part of inguinal(ii) Extra peritoneal pad of farligament.(iii) Parietal peritorreum.(ii) Conjoint tendon.Human Anatomy For Exam(ii) Fascia transversalis.(iv) Extra peritoreal pad of fat(v) Parietal peritoneum.FLOOR(i) Upper concave surface of medial part of inguinal ligament.It is formed by the followings:-(ii) Lipper concave surface of locunar ligament.iii) Attachment of fasia transversalis with the linguinal ligament.ROOFIt is formed by the lower arch fibres of internal oblique.Truely speaking transversus abdominis muscle does not extentupto of that level. So there is no question of forming the roofinguinal camal by transverses abdominis. INGUINAL CANAL3CONTENTS OF INGUINAL CANALIN MALE(a) Spermatic card and its coverings -DIPANNAR RAYNow, the contents of Spermatic cord:-(1) Vas deference(2) Aneries (i) Testicular A.(ii) Premasteric A(iii) Anery of vas deference.(3) Vein-Terticular vein forming the paminiform plexus.(4) Nerves :- (i) Genital branch of genitofemoral nerve.(ii) Testicular plexus of sympathetic nerves derivedfrom pelvic plexus.5 Areolar Tissue(6) Lymphatics from testis and epididymis.Now, the coverings of spenmatic card :-(i) Internal Spermatic fascia (ii) External Spermatic fascia.(iii) Cremasteric muscle and its fascia.(b) Dio-inguinal nerve.(c) Processus vaginalis.Human Anatomy For ExamIN FEMALE(a Round -ligament of Uterus.(b) Dio-inquinal nerve.(c) Canal of week.