Check Your Understanding About Pathophysiology

1) What laboratory data would support a diagnosis of hemochromatosis? -Elevated Ferritin 2) An urgent surgical consult is indicated for the patient with acute abdominal pain and - Absent bowel sounds 3) The pain associated with chronic pancreatitis is generally described as ________ in nature. - Steady and Boring 4) The most common cause of mechanical bowel obstruction is – Adhesions 5) Dumping syndrome is commonly seen after __________ procedures. – Gastric bypass 6) Hepatic encephalopathy is associated with - Increased blood ammonia levels. 7) What finding should prompt further diagnostic testing in a child presenting with diarrhea? Blood and mucus in the stools 8) Rupture of esophageal varices is a complication of cirrhosis with portal hypertension and carries a high ________ rate. – Mortality 9) The finding of hypotension, rigid abdomen, and absent bowel sounds in a patient with pancreatitis - Indicates peritonitis with substantial risk for sepsis and shock. 10) Elevated serum lipase and amylase levels are indicative of - Pancreatitis. 11) Fecal leukocyte screening would be indicated in a patient with suspected - Enterocolitis. 12) Patients with acute pancreatitis are generally made NPO and may require continuous gastric suctioning in order to - Remove the usual stimuli for pancreatic secretion. 13) Chronic pancreatitis may lead to – Diabetes mellitus 14) Pathophysiologically, esophageal varices can be attributed to - Portal hypertension. 15) Untreated acute cholecystitis may lead to ________ of the gallbladder wall. – Gangrene 16) Normal bile is composed of - Water, electrolytes, and organic solutes 17) A patient being treated for hepatic encephalopathy could be expected to receive a(n) ________diet. – low protein and high fiber diet 18) What finding would rule out a diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome in a patient with chronic diarrhea? – Bloody stools 19) A patient with chronic gastritis would likely be tested for – H. Pylori 20) Narcotic administration should be administered carefully in patients with acute pancreatitis related to potential for - Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction. 21) A clinical finding that is consistent with a diagnosis of adrenocortical insufficiency is – Hypoglycemia 22) In type 1 diabetes, respiratory compensation may occur through the process of – Respiratory alkalosis 23) An increase in ADH secretion occurs in response to – Dehydration 24) The underlying pathogenic mechanism for type 2 diabetes is - Insulin resistance and -cell dysfunction. 25) A clinical finding consistent with a hypoglycemic reaction is -Tremors 26) The formation of active vitamin D is – Impaired renal failure 27) A thyroid gland that grows larger than normal is known as – Goiter 28) A tumor which results in excessive production and release of catecholamine is Pheochromocytoma 29) Calcitonin is produced by thyroid parafollicular cells and increases bone formation by Osteoblasts 30) Diabetes mellitus is the ________ leading cause of death and a major cause of disability in the United States. – Seventh 31) Epigastric pain that is relieved by food is suggestive of – Gastric pain 32) Propylthiouracil may be used to treat hyperthyroidism, because it - inhibits thyroid hormone synthesis. 33) In the United States, nearly ________ people have diabetes mellitus. - 29.1 million 34) Aldosterone secretion is regulated by the presence of ----- in the circulation. – Angiotensin II 35) A patient who should be routinely evaluated for peptic ulcer disease is one who is - Being treated with high-dose oral glucocorticoids 36) Hepatitis with the presence of autoantibodies and positive antinuclear antibodies (ANA) is Autoimmune hepatitis. 37) What effect would adrenocortical insufficiency have on an individual's response to surgical stress? - More prone to hypotension 38) It is true that the synthesis of thyroid hormones - Is inhibited by iodine deficiency 39) A laboratory finding that would help confirm the diagnosis of hyperaldosteronism is – Hypokalemia 40) The signs and symptoms of adrenocortical hormone excess may occur from either a primary or secondary disorder. A symptom associated with primary Cushing syndrome is Hyperglycemia